ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2013
Influenza A viruses dual and multiple infections with other respiratory viruses and risk of hospitalisation and mortality.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Pooled it
- Clinical disease severity of respiratory viral co-infection versus single viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Epidemiological dynamics of respiratory tract infections in a major northern coastal city (Dalian), China, following the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Pre-COVID-19 epidemiology of community respiratory viruses at a single US center reveals sex differences in influenza A and a higher ICU incidence of human metapneumovirus in the elderly population.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza A virus interferes with respiratory syncytial virus in mice and reconstituted human airway epithelium.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- EIDD-2801 resists to infection and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.American journal of hematology · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Viral Infections Among Adult Patients in Edirne, Turkey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multiplex lateral flow test sensitivity and specificity in detecting influenza A, B and SARS-CoV-2 in adult patients in a UK emergency department.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2025Article
- The dynamic etiology and epidemiological patterns of acute respiratory tract infections during and post non-pharmacological interventions of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzhen, China: a two years' prospective cohort study from June 2022.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Seasonality and Co-Detection of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Hospitalised Patients Admitted With Acute Respiratory Illness-Valencia Region, Spain, 2010-2021.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus: A new era.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Review
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Association of Late Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Trigger a Cellular Response That Blocks Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 Infection in the Respiratory Tract.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRecent literature suggests that dual or multiple virus infections may affect disease severity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of co-infection with influenza A viruses.
objectivesTo identify the association between influenza A and respiratory viruses co-infections with disease outcome. METHODOLOGY: Data for samples from North West England tested between January 2007 and June 2011 was analysed for patterns of co-infection between influenza A viruses and eight respiratory viruses. Risk of hospitalisation to ICU or general ward in single versus co-infections was assessed using logistic regression.
resultsOf the 25,596 samples analysed for respiratory viruses 40·7% (10,501) were positive for any virus. Co-infections were detected in 4·7% (137/2879) of all patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 7·3% (57/779) of those with other influenza A virus infections. Co-infection between seasonal influenza A viruses and influenza B virus was associated with a significant increase in the risk of admission to ICU/death (OR: 22·0, 95% CI: 2·21-219·8, P=0·008). Respiratory syncytial virus/influenza A (RSV/Flu A) co-infection also increased this risk but was not statistically significant. For influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, RSV and AdV co-infection increased risk of hospitalisation to general ward whereas Flu B increased risk of admission to ICU, but none of these were statistically significant.
conclusionCo-infection is a significant predictor of disease outcome; combined treatment, introduction of an integrated vaccine for all respiratory viruses and development of multi-target rapid diagnostic tests is recommended. Integration of respiratory viruses' co-infections into public health reports could also contribute to the accumulation of evidence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.