ArticlePloS one2012
Glycoinositolphospholipids from Trypanosomatids subvert nitric oxide production in Rhodnius prolixus salivary glands.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor: A Linchpin for Cell Surface Versatility of Trypanosomatids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Review
- Functional aspects of salivary nitric oxide synthase of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and nitric oxide trafficking at the vector-host interface.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Human cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of Leishmania major infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the urease-derived peptide Jaburetox in the model organism Rhodnius prolixus.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Transcriptome sequencing and developmental regulation of gene expression in Anopheles aquasalis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Reactive nitrogen species and hydrogen sulfide as regulators of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2014Review
- Profiling of human acquired immunity against the salivary proteins of Phlebotomus papatasi reveals clusters of differential immunoreactivity.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Article
- Transsulfuration is an active pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Insights into the trypanosome-host interactions revealed through transcriptomic analysis of parasitized tsetse fly salivary glands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Article
- The immune response of hemocytes of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus against the flagellate Phytomonas serpens.PloS one · 2013Article
- A Nod to disease vectors: mitigation of pathogen sensing by arthropod saliva.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRhodnius prolixus is a blood-sucking bug vector of Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli. T. cruzi is transmitted by vector feces deposited close to the wound produced by insect mouthparts, whereas T. rangeli invades salivary glands and is inoculated into the host skin. Bug saliva contains a set of nitric oxide-binding proteins, called nitrophorins, which deliver NO to host vessels and ensure vasodilation and blood feeding. NO is generated by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) present in the epithelium of bug salivary glands. Thus, T. rangeli is in close contact with NO while in the salivary glands. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we show by immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular techniques that inositolphosphate-containing glycolipids from trypanosomatids downregulate NO synthesis in the salivary glands of R. prolixus. Injecting insects with T. rangeli-derived glycoinositolphospholipids (Tr GIPL) or T. cruzi-derived glycoinositolphospholipids (Tc GIPL) specifically decreased NO production. Salivary gland treatment with Tc GIPL blocks NO production without greatly affecting NOS mRNA levels. NOS protein is virtually absent from either Tr GIPL- or Tc GIPL-treated salivary glands. Evaluation of NO synthesis by using a fluorescent NO probe showed that T. rangeli-infected or Tc GIPL-treated glands do not show extensive labeling. The same effect is readily obtained by treatment of salivary glands with the classical protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate (SO). This suggests that parasite GIPLs induce the inhibition of a salivary gland PTP. GIPLs specifically suppressed NO production and did not affect other anti-hemostatic properties of saliva, such as the anti-clotting and anti-platelet activities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, these data suggest that trypanosomatids have overcome NO generation using their surface GIPLs. Therefore, these molecules ensure parasite survival and may ultimately enhance parasite transmission.
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