ReviewInternal and emergency medicine2012
Clinical approach to diarrhea.
Review in Internal and emergency medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural products for the management of diarrhea: a systematic review of clinical efficacy, safety, and certainty of evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Diarrhea management: from pathophysiology to microbiota modulation.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Review
- A gastric retentive robotic capsule enables emergency-prepared and responsive oral drug delivery in canine models.Science advances · 2025Article
- Association between the Zhejiang University index and chronic diarrhea: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Characteristics of Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease Among Asian Patients With Unexplained Abdominal Symptoms.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2024Article
- A new score to predict Clostridioides difficile infection in medical patients: a sub-analysis of the FADOI-PRACTICE study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Exploring therapeutic potential ofHealth science reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Postoperative diarrhea in Crohn's disease: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Hygienic Disposal of Children's Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa.Environmental health insights · 2023Article
- Lymphocytic colitis associated with entacapone.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Article
- Long-term safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in 74 children: A single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Paracellular Filtration Secretion Driven by Mechanical Force Contributes to Small Intestinal Fluid Dynamics.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Is There a Role for Bismuth in Diarrhea Management?Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2021Review
- Review
- Watery stools and metabolic acidosis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2017Article
- Fecal Fat Analyses in Chronic Pancreatitis Importance of Fat Ingestion before Stool Collection.PloS one · 2017Article
- Screening for malnutrition in patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2016Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diarrhea is defined as reduced stool consistency, increased water content and number of evacuations per day. A wide array of causes and pathophysiological mechanisms underlie acute and chronic forms of diarrhea. This review focuses on the major clinical aspects which should aid clinicians to diagnose chronic diarrhea. Clinical history, physical examination and stool evaluation and the predominant stool characteristic, i.e., bloody, watery, and fatty diarrhea, may narrow the differential diagnosis. Although mainly involved in acute diarrhea, many different infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, can be identified in chronic bloody/inflammatory diarrhea by appropriate microbiological tests and colonoscopic biopsy analysis. Osmotic diarrhea can be the result of malabsorption or maldigestion, with a subsequent passage of fat in the stool leading to steatorrhea. Secretory diarrhea is due to an increase of fluid secretion in the small bowel lumen, a mechanism often identified in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The evaluation of the fecal osmotic gap may help to characterize whether a chronic diarrhea is osmotic or secretory. Fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea) occurs if fecal fat output exceeds the absorptive/digestive capacity of the intestine. Steatorrhea results from malabsorption or maldigestion states and tests should differentiate between these two conditions. Individualized diagnostic work ups tailored on pathophysiological and clinical features are expected to reduce costs for patients with chronic diarrhea.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.