ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2012
Serum glutamate levels correlate with Gleason score and glutamate blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-diagnostic circulating untargeted metabolomics and risk of overall and clinically significant prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Autoimmune encephalitis with Anti-mGluR1 antibodies: a comprehensive review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- A phase II trial of riluzole, an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) signaling, in patients with advanced melanoma.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2018Trial
- Dysregulation of the urea cycle - potential targets for treatment and diagnosis in prostate cancer.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immunohistochemical evaluation of glutaminase-1 enzyme in oral squamous cell carcinoma.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 3 Expression During Liver Disease Progression: Association with Inflammation and Cell Viability in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Regulation of Autophagy and Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Involvement of Wnt-β-Catenin Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Prostate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: A Review on CAF Functions, Heterogeneity, Resistance Mechanisms, and Future in a Chip.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Anti-mGluR encephalitis: case series and literature review.BMC neurology · 2026Review
- Exploiting Oxidative Stress as Achilles' Heel: From Redox Homeostasis to Ferroptosis in Prostate Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neurotransmitters and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Circulating levels of glutamate predict brain disease in patients with advanced lung and breast cancer: a prospective study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Observational
- Fueling Prostate Cancer: The Central Role of Glutamine/Glutamate Metabolic Reprogramming.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Review
- The metabolome of fecal extracellular vesicles in patients with malignant solid tumors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer risk biomarkers from large cohort and prospective metabolomics studies: A systematic review.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Incidental discovery of gastrointestinal stromal tumor via PSMA-PET/CT imaging: Insights from a case report.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Glutamine Metabolism and Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- HuR promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer progression by altering ERK5 activation via posttranscriptional regulation of BCAT1.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Cerebellar encephalitis associated with anti-mGluR1 antibodies: a case report and comprehensive literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of the disulfidptosis-related gene SLC7A11 in adrenocortical carcinoma: implications for prognosis, immune infiltration, and therapeutic strategies.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDuring glutaminolysis, glutamine is catabolized to glutamate and incorporated into citric acid cycle and lipogenesis. Serum glutamate levels were measured in patients with primary prostate cancer or metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) to establish clinical relevance. The effect of glutamate deprivation or blockade by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) antagonists was investigated on prostate cancer cells' growth, migration, and invasion to establish biologic relevance. EXPERIMENTAL
designSerum glutamate levels were measured in normal men (n = 60) and patients with primary prostate cancer (n = 197) or mCRPCa (n = 109). GRM1 expression in prostatic tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using cell cytotoxicity and modified Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using immunoblotting against cleaved caspases, PARP, and γ-H2AX.
resultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses showed significantly higher serum glutamate levels in Gleason score ≥ 8 than in the Gleason score ≤ 7 and in African Americans than in the Caucasian Americans. African Americans with mCRPCa had significantly higher serum glutamate levels than those with primary prostate cancer or benign prostate. However, in Caucasian Americans, serum glutamate levels were similar in normal research subjects and patients with mCRPC. IHC showed weak or no expression of GRM1 in luminal acinar epithelial cells of normal or hyperplastic glands but high expression in primary or metastatic prostate cancer tissues. Glutamate deprivation or blockade decreased prostate cancer cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion and led to apoptotic cell death.
conclusionsGlutamate expression is mechanistically associated with and may provide a biomarker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.