ArticlePloS one2012
Occupational attainment as a marker of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electroencephalography, Magnetoencephalography, and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2021Pooled it
- From Phenotypes to Spectrum: Rethinking RRMS, SPMS and PPMS in the Era of PIRA-A Framework Integrating PIRA, Smouldering-Associated Worsening, and Neurologic Reserve to Facilitate Earlier Recognition of Progression.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Premorbid Sociodemographic Status and Multiple Sclerosis Outcomes in a Universal Health Care Context.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
- Clinical Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive Reserve and Motor Impairment along Disease Duration.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms, anxiety and cognitive impairment: emerging evidence in multiple sclerosis.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Cognitive reserve and individual differences in brain tumour patients.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adulthood: Are Agricultural Workers at Greater Risk?The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- The Resilience Index: A Quantifiable Measure of Brain Health and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Cognitive Reserve, Leisure Activity, and Neuropsychological Profile in the Early Stage of Cognitive Decline.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Cognitive Reserve Scale (I-CRS).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Article
- A simple measure of cognitive reserve is relevant for cognitive performance in MS patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Article
- Is impaired cerebral vasoreactivity an early marker of cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis patients?European radiology · 2018Article
- Interplay Between Age and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Effects on Motor and Cognitive Functions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Review
- Cognitive Reserve as a Modifier of Clinical Expression in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Preliminary Examination.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2017Article
- Measurement and maintenance of reserve in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2016Review
- Cerebral small vessel disease, cognitive reserve and cognitive dysfunction.Journal of neurology · 2015Review
- Higher education moderates the effect of T2 lesion load and third ventricle width on cognition in multiple sclerosis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Sparring and neurological function in professional boxers.Frontiers in public health · 2014Article
- Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction affects half of MS patients. Although brain atrophy generally yields the most robust MRI correlations with cognition, significant variance in cognition between individual MS patients remains unexplained. Recently, markers of cognitive reserve such as premorbid intelligence have emerged as important predictors of neuropsychological performance in MS. In the present study, we aimed to extend the cognitive reserve construct by examining the potential contribution of occupational attainment to cognitive decline in MS patients. Brain atrophy, estimated premorbid IQ, and occupational attainment were assessed in 72 MS patients. The Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in MS was used to evaluate indices of information processing speed, memory, and executive function. Results showed that occupational attainment was a significant predictor of information processing speed, memory, and executive function in hierarchical linear regressions after accounting for brain atrophy and premorbid IQ. These data suggest that MS patients with low occupational attainment fare worse cognitively than those with high occupational attainment after controlling for brain atrophy and premorbid IQ. Occupation, like premorbid IQ, therefore may make an independent contribution to cognitive outcome in MS. Information regarding an individual's occupation is easily acquired and may serve as a useful proxy for cognitive reserve in clinical settings.
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