ArticlePloS one2012
One of the nine doublet microtubules of eukaryotic flagella exhibits unique and partially conserved structures.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Cryo-electron tomography of eel sperm flagella reveals a molecular "minimum system" for motile cilia.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- Directional ciliary beats across epithelia require Ccdc57-mediated coupling between axonemal orientation and basal body polarity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Assembly of FAP93 at the proximal axoneme in Chlamydomonas cilia.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Calaxin is a key factor for calcium-dependent waveform control in zebrafish sperm.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- The MBO2/FAP58 heterodimer stabilizes assembly of inner arm dyneinMolecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- Multi-scale structures of the mammalian radial spoke and divergence of axonemal complexes in ependymal cilia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- In situ cryo-electron tomography reveals the asymmetric architecture of mammalian sperm axonemes.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional flagella structures from animals' closest unicellular relatives, the Choanoflagellates.eLife · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Central Apparatus, the Molecular Kickstarter of Ciliary and Flagellar Nanomachines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The many modes of flagellar and ciliary beating: Insights from a physical analysis.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Chlamydomonas PKD2 organizes mastigonemes, hair-like glycoprotein polymers on cilia.The Journal of cell biology · 2020Article
- Asymmetries in the cilia ofPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Review
- FAP57/WDR65 targets assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins and connects to regulatory hubs in cilia.Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
- PACRG and FAP20 form the inner junction of axonemal doublet microtubules and regulate ciliary motility.Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
- Bidirectional intraflagellar transport is restricted to two sets of microtubule doublets in the trypanosome flagellum.The Journal of cell biology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The axonemal core of motile cilia and flagella consists of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two central single microtubules. Attached to the doublets are thousands of dynein motors that produce sliding between neighboring doublets, which in turn causes flagellar bending. Although many structural features of the axoneme have been described, structures that are unique to specific doublets remain largely uncharacterized. These doublet-specific structures introduce asymmetry into the axoneme and are likely important for the spatial control of local microtubule sliding. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography and doublet-specific averaging to determine the 3D structures of individual doublets in the flagella of two evolutionarily distant organisms, the protist Chlamydomonas and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus. We demonstrate that, in both organisms, one of the nine doublets exhibits unique structural features. Some of these features are highly conserved, such as the inter-doublet link i-SUB5-6, which connects this doublet to its neighbor with a periodicity of 96 nm. We also show that the previously described inter-doublet links attached to this doublet, the o-SUB5-6 in Strongylocentrotus and the proximal 1-2 bridge in Chlamydomonas, are likely not homologous features. The presence of inter-doublet links and reduction of dynein arms indicate that inter-doublet sliding of this unique doublet against its neighbor is limited, providing a rigid plane perpendicular to the flagellar bending plane. These doublet-specific features and the non-sliding nature of these connected doublets suggest a structural basis for the asymmetric distribution of dynein activity and inter-doublet sliding, resulting in quasi-planar waveforms typical of 9+2 cilia and flagella.
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