ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Provirophages and transpovirons as the diverse mobilome of giant viruses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
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111 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rise of the viral giants: common themes underlying genome gigantism in eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Biological Trajectory of Virophage Research and the Emergence of Marine Virophages: A Scoping Review.Viruses · 2026Article
- Pantanal virophage: a new virophage species associated with a moumouvirus and a transpoviron, expanding the genusJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the cryptic diversity and distribution of elements related to virophage mavirus through deep mining of pPolB proteins.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Microalga-virus-virophage coculture reveals co-infection of multi-virophages with a giant virus.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- A Polinton-like Virus ofViruses · 2026Article
- Molecular piracy in deep-sea hydrothermal vent: phage-plasmid interactions revealed by phage-FISH inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- 20 years of research on giant viruses.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Pacmanvirus isolated from the Lost City hydrothermal field extends the concept of transpoviron beyond the family Mimiviridae.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Complex transcriptional regulations of a hyperparasitic quadripartite system in giant viruses infecting protists.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The polinton-like supergroup of viruses: evolution, molecular biology, and taxonomy.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Giant viruses as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Are Viruses Taxonomic Units? A Protein Domain and Loop-Centric Phylogenomic Assessment.Viruses · 2024Review
- Natural history of eukaryotic DNA viruses with double jelly-roll major capsid proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Natural history of eukaryotic DNA viruses with double jelly-roll major capsid proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of cell-virus-virophage systems.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Virophages Found in Viromes from Lake Baikal.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Article
- Virophages-Known and Unknown Facts.Viruses · 2023Review
- Updated Virophage Taxonomy and Distinction from Polinton-like Viruses.Biomolecules · 2023Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A distinct class of infectious agents, the virophages that infect giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family, has been recently described. Here we report the simultaneous discovery of a giant virus of Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Lentille virus) that contains an integrated genome of a virophage (Sputnik 2), and a member of a previously unknown class of mobile genetic elements, the transpovirons. The transpovirons are linear DNA elements of ~7 kb that encompass six to eight protein-coding genes, two of which are homologous to virophage genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the free form of the transpoviron replicates within the giant virus factory and accumulates in high copy numbers inside giant virus particles, Sputnik 2 particles, and amoeba cytoplasm. Analysis of deep-sequencing data showed that the virophage and the transpoviron can integrate in nearly any place in the chromosome of the giant virus host and that, although less frequently, the transpoviron can also be linked to the virophage chromosome. In addition, integrated fragments of transpoviron DNA were detected in several giant virus and Sputnik genomes. Analysis of 19 Mimivirus strains revealed three distinct transpovirons associated with three subgroups of Mimiviruses. The virophage, the transpoviron, and the previously identified self-splicing introns and inteins constitute the complex, interconnected mobilome of the giant viruses and are likely to substantially contribute to interviral gene transfer.
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