ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2012
Brainstem 1H-MR spectroscopy in episodic and chronic migraine.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances of neuroimaging findings in medication overuse headache.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pathophysiology of Chronic Migraine: Insights from Recent Neuroimaging Research.Current pain and headache reports · 2022Review
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the dentate nucleus and periaqueductal gray with episodic and chronic migraine: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Article
- Neurochemical metabolite alterations of the occipital lobe in migraine without aura by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The neuroradiology journal · 2020Article
- Brain Metabolism and Structure in Chronic Migraine.Current pain and headache reports · 2020Review
- Feasibility of Measuring GABA Levels in the Upper Brainstem in Healthy Volunteers Using Edited MRS.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Animal Models of Chronic Migraine.Current pain and headache reports · 2018Review
- Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Medication Overuse Headache.Current pain and headache reports · 2018Review
- Differences in central facilitation between episodic and chronic migraineurs in nociceptive-specific trigeminal pathways.The journal of headache and pain · 2016Article
- Neural Plasticity in Common Forms of Chronic Headaches.Neural plasticity · 2015Review
- Migraine and inhibitory system - I can't hold it!Current pain and headache reports · 2014Review
- Functional imaging in chronic migraine.Current pain and headache reports · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of evolution from episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) has not yet been clearly determined. Some studies revealed that dysfunction of the brainstem may play a role. We aimed to determine the brainstem (1)H-MR spectroscopic (MRS) findings in episodic and chronic migraine. We recruited patients with EM, CM and controls. Patients with CM were divided into subgroups with and without medication overuse (MO). The (1)H-MRS metabolite ratios at the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and bilateral dorsal pons were measured and compared with those in controls. A total of 19 patients with EM, 53 patients with CM (with MO n = 30, without MO n = 23) and 16 control subjects completed the study. Patients with EM had the highest N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio at the dorsal pons (right, P = 0.014; left, P = 0.034) in comparison with those of CM and controls. The latter two groups did not differ. Among migraine patients, NAA/Cr ratios at dorsal pons were inversely correlated with headache frequency (right, r = -0.350, P = 0.004; left, r = -0.284, P = 0.019) and intensity (right, r = -0.286, P = 0.019; left, r = -0.244, P = 0.045), but not disease duration. In contrast, the metabolite ratios did not differ at the PAG among the study groups. Of note, MO was not associated with brainstem MRS ratios in patients with CM. The increased NAA/Cr levels may suggest neuronal hypertrophy at the dorsal pons in EM. A progressive dysfunction of this region may occur from EM to CM since the levels declined with increasing headache frequency and intensity.
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