ReviewEndocrine reviews2012
Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 864 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Program of PCOS Women
Effect of Myoinositol on Serum Asprosin Levels in PCOS Patients
Glucose Evaluation Through Continuous Glucose Monitors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Pathogenesis of Functional Hyperandrogenism in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Genetic-molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Phenotype.
Who cites it
864 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,838 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Risk Score for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Meta-Analysis and Machine Learning of Gut Microbiota Signatures.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Pooled it
- Does obesity affect serum anti-müllerian hormone or inhibin B levels in polycystic ovary syndrome? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of acupuncture-related therapies in improving insulin resistance, reproductive endocrine outcomes, and ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Pre-conception weight loss interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the effect on perinatal outcomes: A quantitative synthesis of surrogate outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Aromatic Amino Acids in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome through Patients' Blood Metabolic Profiling: A Systematic Review of the Past Five Years.Journal of proteome research · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of pharmacological interventions on metabolic and hormonal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized controlled trials.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between waist-to-height ratio and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Analyzing and evaluating the metabolic and endocrine characteristics between lean and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Harnessing probiotic-metformin synergy: targeting the gut-microbiota metabolism axis to ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Dose-response of acupuncture on ovulation rates in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis and exploratory dose-response analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of zero-time exercise intervention on endometrial receptivity in women with thin endometrium a single-center randomized sham-controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Trial
- Circulating Profiles of the Bile Acid Metabolomics in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated With Metformin or Canagliflozin.Pharmacotherapy · 2026Trial
- MASLD, diabetes and PMOS across the female life stages.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- High‑fat diet exacerbates hepatic and adipose insulin signaling impairment and ovarian lesions in a rat model of letrozole‑induced polycystic ovary syndrome.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrine regulation of adipose partitioning in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: the gut-brain-adipose axis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Organoids: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- A Biological Disease-Staging Model of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: From Plasticity-Dominant States to Pathological Remodeling.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
804 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now recognized as an important metabolic as well as reproductive disorder conferring substantially increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Affected women have marked insulin resistance, independent of obesity. This article summarizes the state of the science since we last reviewed the field in the Endocrine Reviews in 1997. There is general agreement that obese women with PCOS are insulin resistant, but some groups of lean affected women may have normal insulin sensitivity. There is a post-binding defect in receptor signaling likely due to increased receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine phosphorylation that selectively affects metabolic but not mitogenic pathways in classic insulin target tissues and in the ovary. Constitutive activation of serine kinases in the MAPK-ERK pathway may contribute to resistance to insulin's metabolic actions in skeletal muscle. Insulin functions as a co-gonadotropin through its cognate receptor to modulate ovarian steroidogenesis. Genetic disruption of insulin signaling in the brain has indicated that this pathway is important for ovulation and body weight regulation. These insights have been directly translated into a novel therapy for PCOS with insulin-sensitizing drugs. Furthermore, androgens contribute to insulin resistance in PCOS. PCOS may also have developmental origins due to androgen exposure at critical periods or to intrauterine growth restriction. PCOS is a complex genetic disease, and first-degree relatives have reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Several PCOS genetic susceptibility loci have been mapped and replicated. Some of the same susceptibility genes contribute to disease risk in Chinese and European PCOS populations, suggesting that PCOS is an ancient trait.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.