ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2013
Rituximab-treated patients have a poor response to influenza vaccination.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis: High anti-HBs Titers are Associated with Significantly Reduced Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation During Rituximab Treatment.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Impaired serological response to COVID-19 vaccination following anticancer therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunological and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- MENACTRIMS practice guideline for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Guideline
- Vaccine response following anti-CD20 therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 905 patients.Blood advances · 2021Pooled it
- B-Cell Immunophenotyping to Predict Vaccination Outcome in the Immunocompromised - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: The VELOCE study.Neurology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- The effect of tofacitinib on pneumococcal and influenza vaccine responses in rheumatoid arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Infection prophylaxis following anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in childhood kidney diseases.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Blinatumomab limits humoral antibody response despite boosting the influenza vaccine schedule in children with B-ALL.Blood advances · 2026Article
- B cells in anti-tRNA synthetase syndrome patients show an activated, interferon-responsive signature.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Determinants of anti-HBs decline in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing rituximab therapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Low vaccination uptake and attitudes towards COVID-19, influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines: a cross-sectional survey of patients with rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunologic Predictors of Vaccine Responsiveness in Patients With Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Immunity after B Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Influenza Vaccine Type-Dependent Antibody Response in Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.European journal of rheumatology · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients treated with rituximab is a clinically important question. Rheumatology clinics are populated with patients receiving rituximab for a broad array of disorders. Although several studies have explored the efficacy of other vaccines in rituximab-treated populations, results have been conflicting. We wished to define influenza vaccine efficacy in a rituximab-treated cohort. We examined 17 evaluable subjects treated with rituximab for rheumatologic conditions. T cell subsets, B cells subsets, T cell function, and B cell function were evaluated at specific time points along with hemagglutinination inhibition titers after receiving the standard inactivated influenza vaccine. T cell subset counts were significantly different than controls but did not change with rituximab. B cells depleted in all patients but were in various stages of recovery at the time of vaccination. Influenza vaccine responsiveness was poor overall, with only 16 % of subjects having a four-fold increase in titer. Pre-existing titers were retained throughout the study, however. The ability to respond to the influenza vaccine appeared to be related to the degree of B cell recovery at the time of vaccination. This study emphasizes that antibody responses to vaccine are impaired in subjects treated with rituximab and supports the concept that B cell recovery influences influenza vaccine responsiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.