ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Transcriptional burst frequency and burst size are equally modulated across the human genome.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 277 papers.
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Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed.
- Noninvasive methods to monitor dynamic single-cell events.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Integrating zero-inflation correction and transcriptional kinetics for single-cell transcriptomic analysis.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Using the simple telegraph model to decipher transcriptional burst regulation across genome-wide data.iScience · 2026Article
- Heritable single-cell gene expression states shape functional variability in innate immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A control theoretical approach to gene regulation reveals quantitative constraints for dynamic homeostasis in stochastic gene expression.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2026Article
- Highly Constrained Kinetic Models for Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Is the molecular microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir predictable using deep learning approaches?Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Premature transcription termination modulates stochastic gene expression in bacteria.Science advances · 2026Article
- Logistic regression for estimating functional effects with spatial transcriptomics.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
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- From noise to models to numbers: Evaluating negative binomial models and parameter estimations in single-cell RNA-seq.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-9 Regulates NF-kB-Mediated Activation of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Brain.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
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- Intrinsic OASL expression governs heterogeneity in interferon induction during influenza A virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- What makes genes burst.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Canopy2: Tumor Phylogeny Inference by Bulk DNA and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Statistics in biosciences · 2026Article
- Determining gene specificity from multivariate single-cell RNA sequencing data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Monod: model-based discovery and integration through fitting stochastic transcriptional dynamics to single-cell sequencing data.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Scalable inference and identifiability of kinetic parameters for transcriptional bursting from single cell data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gene expression occurs either as an episodic process, characterized by pulsatile bursts, or as a constitutive process, characterized by a Poisson-like accumulation of gene products. It is not clear which mode of gene expression (constitutive versus bursty) predominates across a genome or how transcriptional dynamics are influenced by genomic position and promoter sequence. Here, we use time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to analyze 8,000 individual human genomic loci and find that at virtually all loci, episodic bursting--as opposed to constitutive expression--is the predominant mode of expression. Quantitative analysis of the expression dynamics at these 8,000 loci indicates that both the frequency and size of the transcriptional bursts varies equally across the human genome, independent of promoter sequence. Strikingly, weaker expression loci modulate burst frequency to increase activity, whereas stronger expression loci modulate burst size to increase activity. Transcriptional activators such as trichostatin A (TSA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) only modulate burst size and frequency along a constrained trend line governed by the promoter. In summary, transcriptional bursting dominates across the human genome, both burst frequency and burst size vary by chromosomal location, and transcriptional activators alter burst frequency and burst size, depending on the expression level of the locus.
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