SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2012
Smoking and risk of skin cancer: a prospective analysis and a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Gender-Dependent Specificities in Cutaneous Melanoma Predisposition, Risk Factors, Somatic Mutations, Prognostic and Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Heterogeneous relationships of squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin with smoking: the UK Million Women Study and meta-analysis of prospective studies.British journal of cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: a systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2017Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and the risk of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2016Pooled it
- Healthy lifestyle and cancer risk: a pan-cancer analysis in the UK Biobank prospective cohort.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Impact of particulate matter exposure on melanoma risk: A multicentre case-control study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Observational
- A genetically informed study reveals modifiable pathways in skin cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Association between lifetime smoking and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.JAAD international · 2024Article
- The levels and trends of cancer incidence in the elderly population at national and sub-national scales in Iran from 1990 to 2016.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Tobacco smoking is associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma but not with basal cell carcinoma or melanoma in adult subjects at risk of skin cancer: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Gut and Mouth Cavity Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.Polish journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Genetic variants for smoking behaviour and risk of skin cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Eyelid Cancer in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Smoking is an Independent Marker of Poor Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Article
- Risk of Melanoma in Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-based Cohort Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Article
- ThePatterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Electronic Cigarette Use and the Diagnosis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Among United States Adults.Cureus · 2021Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer-Reply.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association between smoking and the risk of skin cancer has not been well established.
methodsIn two large cohorts in the USA, we prospectively examined the risks of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among participants grouped according to smoking variables.
resultsAmong men, compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a significantly lower risk of melanoma [relative risk (RR) = 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.86]; those who smoked for ≥30 years had an RR of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.48-0.89) (P(trend) = 0.003); those who smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day had an RR of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.78) (P(trend) = 0.006) and those who smoked for > 45 pack years had an RR of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45-0.97) (P(trend) = 0.03). Ever smokers also had a slightly lower risk of BCC (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). There was no significant association for SCC (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89-1.12). In women, no significant association was found for melanoma (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83-1.10). Compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a slightly higher risk of BCC (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and a higher risk of SCC (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31). A significant inverse association between smoking and melanoma was limited to the head and neck (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.89).
conclusionsSmoking was inversely associated with melanoma risk, especially on the head and neck. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism(s).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.