ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2012
An exploratory multilevel analysis of income, income inequality and self-rated health of the elderly in China.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Causal Assessment of Income Inequality on Self-Rated Health and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Milbank quarterly · 2024Pooled it
- Observational
- Understanding economic disparities in elderly health outcomes: a decomposition analysis in Bankura district.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of TikTok Use on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Enhancing understanding of healthy aging based on time-varying dependencies among multidimensional health, life satisfaction, and health behaviors of older adults aged 60 years and over.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Self-Reported Health Inequalities among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Inequalities in Resource Distribution and Healthcare Service Utilization of Long-Term Care in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring configurations of social determinants for enhancing older adult health in China: an fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis based on 31 provinces in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effect of Receiving Financial Support from Adult Children on Depression among Older Persons and the Mediating Role of Social Participation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Income inequalities, social support and depressive symptoms among older adults in Europe: a multilevel cross-sectional study.European journal of ageing · 2022Article
- Spatial Inequalities and Influencing Factors of Self-Rated Health and Perceived Environmental Hazards in a Metropolis: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The effect of smartphones on the self-rated health levels of the elderly.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Associations of fruit & vegetable intake and physical activity with poor self-rated health among Chinese older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- The impacts of pollution and its associated spatial spillover effects on ill-health in China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Assessing health gradient with different equivalence scales for household income - A sensitivity analysis.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- The Relationship between Internet Use and Health among Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Social Capital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Inequality in Health: The Correlation between Poverty and Injury-A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Income Level in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Impact of Leisure Activities on the Mental Health of Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Social Support and Perceived Stress.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Effects of Educational Attainment and Housing Condition on Self-Rated Health in Old Age: Heterogeneity and Tendency in China.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the last three decades, China has experienced rapid economic development and growing economic inequality, such that economic disparities between rural and urban areas, as well as coastal and interior areas have deepened. Since the late 1990s China has also experienced an ageing population which has attracted attention to the wellbeing of the rapidly growing number of elderly. This research aims to characterise province differences in health and to explore the effects of individual income and economic disparity in the form of income inequality on health outcomes of the elderly. The study is based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data collected in 2008 for 23 provinces. Multilevel logistic models are employed to investigate the relationship between income, income inequality and self-rated health for the elderly using both individual and province-level variables. Results are presented as relative odds ratios, and for province differentials as Median Odds Ratios. The analysis is deliberately exploratory so as to find evidence of income effects if they exist and particular attention is placed on how province-level inequality (contemporaneous and lagged) may moderate individual relationships. The results show that the health of the elderly is not only affected by individual income (the odds of poor health are 3 times greater for the elderly with the lowest income compared to those at the upper quartile) but also by a small main effect for province-level income inequality (odds ratio of 1.019). There are significant cross-level interactions such that where inequality is high there are greater differences between those with and without formal education, and between men and women with the latter experiencing poorer health.
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