ReviewDevelopment and psychopathology2012
The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development.
Review in Development and psychopathology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Predictors of the Childhood Dysregulation Profile: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal psychological distress and neurodevelopmental trajectories in the first 3 years: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal tobacco use and the risk of mood disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- Chained Risk Assessment for Life-Long Disease Burden of Early Exposures - Demonstration of Concept Using Prenatal Maternal Smoking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- DNA methylation studies of depression with onset in the peripartum: A critical systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking-exposed pregnant women: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Could Postnatal Women's Groups Be Used to Improve Outcomes for Mothers and Children in High-Income Countries? A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2018Pooled it
- From genes to treatments: a systematic review of the pharmacogenetics in smoking cessation.Pharmacogenomics · 2018Pooled it
- Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Healthy Foundations Study: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate biological embedding of early-life experiences.BMJ open · 2018Trial
- Protocol for study of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy (FISCP): randomised, multicentre study.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- Genetic variation (CHRNA5), medication (combination nicotine replacement therapy vs. varenicline), and smoking cessation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- In vitro fertilisation mix-ups and contested parenthood.Journal of medical ethics · 2026Article
- Maternal Smoking Status and Residual Risk: Current and Former Smoking Amplify Congenital Heart Disease Incidence and Severity in Offspring.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Vaping in Pregnancy: Unraveling Molecular Drivers of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Programming of the respiratory epitheliummedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Smoke signals in the genome: Epigenetic consequences of parental tobacco exposure (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse intrauterine conditions and exposures can influence the growth and development of the fetus as well as the child's future postnatal health and behavior. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy remains a relatively common but nonetheless hazardous in utero exposure. Previous studies have associated prenatal smoke exposure with reduced birth weight, poor developmental and psychological outcomes, and increased risk for diseases and behavioral disorders later in life. Researchers are now learning that many of the mechanisms whereby maternal smoke exposure may affect key pathways crucial for proper fetal growth and development are epigenetic in nature. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been associated with altered DNA methylation and dysregulated expression of microRNA, but a deeper understanding of the epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy as well as how these epigenetic changes may affect later health and behavior remain to be elucidated. This article seeks to explore many of the previously described epigenetic alterations associated with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and assess how such changes may have consequences for both fetal growth and development, as well as later child health, behavior, and well-being. We also outline future directions for this new and exciting field of research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.