ArticleBMC plant biology2012
Requirement of proline synthesis during Arabidopsis reproductive development.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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73 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Beyond osmoprotection: the expanding roles of proline in plant signalling and development.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Advances in the Application of Amino Acids in the Preservation of Postharvest Fruits and Vegetables.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Measurement of δMetabolites · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Osmotic Stress-Tolerant Somatic Embryos ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal key pathway responses during the grain-filling stage in maize under waterlogging stress.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Proline and ROS: A Unified Mechanism in Plant Development and Stress Response?Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis of nitrogen-related plant metabolites.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Proline Metabolism Genes in Transgenic Plants: Meta-Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Review ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Common Bean (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
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- AlfalfaFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Physiological and metabolic analyses reveal the proline-mediated flowering delay mechanism inFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Overexpression of PavbHLH28 from Prunus avium enhances tolerance to cold stress in transgenic Arabidopsis.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Acetic acid positively modulates proline metabolism for mitigating PEG-mediated drought stress in Maize and Arabidopsis.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interplay between Proline Metabolism and ROS in the Fine Tuning of Root-Meristem Size inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGamete and embryo development are crucial for successful reproduction and seed set in plants, which is often the determining factor for crop yield. Proline accumulation was largely viewed as a specific reaction to overcome stress conditions, while recent studies suggested important functions of proline metabolism also in reproductive development. Both the level of free proline and proline metabolism were proposed to influence the transition to flowering, as well as pollen and embryo development.
resultsIn this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the contribution of individual proline biosynthetic enzymes to vegetative development and reproductive success in Arabidopsis. In contrast to previous reports, we found that pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase 2 (P5CS2) is not essential for sexual reproduction although p5cs2 mutant plants were retarded in vegetative development and displayed reduced fertility under long-day conditions. Single mutant plants devoid of P5CS1 did not show any developmental defects. Simultaneous absence of both P5CS isoforms resulted in pollen sterility, while fertile egg cells could still be produced. Expression of P5C reductase (P5CR) was indispensable for embryo development but surprisingly not needed for pollen or egg cell fertility. The latter observation could be explained by an extreme stability of P5CR activity, which had a half-life time of greater than 3 weeks in vitro. Expression of P5CR-GFP under the control of the endogenous P5CR promoter was able to restore growth of homozygous p5cr mutant embryos. The analysis of P5CR-GFP-fluorescence in planta supported an exclusively cytoplasmatic localisation of P5CR.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate that potential alternative pathways for proline synthesis or inter-generation transfer of proline are not sufficient to overcome a defect in proline biosynthesis from glutamate during pollen development. Proline biosynthesis through P5CS2 and P5CR is limiting for vegetative and reproductive development in Arabidopsis, whereas disruption of P5CS1 alone does not affect development of non-stressed plants.
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