ArticleFrontiers in immunology2012
The danger theory: 20 years later.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2024Trial
- Probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics in immune system modulation: A narrative review.Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Molecular Links and Clinical Effects of Inflammation and Metabolic Background on Ischemic Stroke: An Update Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The danger theory of immunity revisited.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Modification of the tumor microenvironment enhances immunity with plasmid gene therapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- IgG Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Their Effective Potential for Disease Diagnosis and Pathological Antigenic Mimicry.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Infection risk by oral contamination does not induce immune priming in the mealworm beetle (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model.Nature genetics · 2023Article
- Human dendritic cell maturation induced by amorphous silica nanoparticles is Syk-dependent and triggered by lipid raft aggregation.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2023Article
- TSLP and HMGB1: Inflammatory Targets and Potential Biomarkers for Precision Medicine in Asthma and COPD.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Adaptive discrimination between harmful and harmless antigens in the immune system by predictive coding.iScience · 2023Article
- A Review on Immune-Inspired Node Fault Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks with a Focus on the Danger Theory.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Probiotics and Postbiotics as the Functional Food Components Affecting the Immune Response.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Acute Inflammation in Tissue Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Understanding the immunological interactions of engineered nanomaterials: Role of the bio-corona.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Review
- Hemophilia a patients with inhibitors: Mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The self-non-self theory has dominated immunology since the 1950s. In the 1990s, Matzinger and her colleagues suggested a new, competing theory, called the "danger theory." This theory has provoked mixed acclaim: enthusiasm and criticism. Here we assess the danger theory vis-à-vis recent experimental data on innate immunity, transplantation, cancers and tolerance to foreign entities, and try to elucidate more clearly whether danger is well defined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.