ArticlePloS one2012
Smoking, BCG and employment and the risk of tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected persons in South Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube Versus Tuberculin Skin Tests on the Initiation of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With HIV in the North West Province of South Africa (the Teko Study): A Cluster Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Diagnostic Value of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Tuberculosis in the Immunocompromised Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Just a Reflection: Does Drug Repurposing Perpetuate Sex-Gender Bias in the Safety Profile?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Epidemiological profile of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: an analysis of the Uganda National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Surveillance Data, 2014-2018.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Socio-Demographic Factors and Tuberculosis Mortality in the Republic of Korea During 2008-2017.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Knowledge gaps and research priorities in tuberculous meningitis.Wellcome open research · 2019Article
- Smoking habits and alcohol use of patients with tuberculosis at Standerton Tuberculosis Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga, South Africa.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2019Article
- Microphysiologic Human Tissue Constructs Reproduce Autologous Age-Specific BCG and HBV Primary ImmunizationFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- A dose-response relationship of smoking with tuberculosis infection: A cross-sectional study among 21008 rural residents in China.PloS one · 2017Article
- Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and predictive factors in an urban informal settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Evaluation of gamma interferon immune response elicited by the newly constructed PstS-1(285-374):CFP10 fusion protein to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Impact of co-infections and BCG immunisation on immune responses among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in a Ugandan cohort.PloS one · 2014Article
- Dose-response association between salivary cotinine levels and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2013Article
- Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe increased susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) of HIV-1-infected persons represents a challenge in TB epidemic control. However few studies have evaluated LTBI predictors in a generalized HIV/TB epidemic setting.
methodsThe study recruited 335 HIV-infected participants from Khayelitsha, Cape Town between February 2008 and November 2010. Tuberculin skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays were performed on all participants and active TB excluded using a symptom screen, TB microscopy and culture.
resultsLTBI prevalence was 52.7% and 61.2% (TST and IGRA respectively). Being a recent TB contact (OR 2.07; 95% C.I. 1.15-3.69) was associated with TST positivity. Participants with a CD4>200 had a two-fold higher risk of IGRA positivity compared to those with CD4 counts <200 (OR 2.07; 95% C.I. 0.99-4.34). There was also a 19% increase in IGRA positivity risk for every additional year of schooling and a strong association between years of schooling and employment (p = 0.0004). A decreased risk of IGRA positivity was observed in persons with a BCG scar (OR 0.46; 95% C.I. 0.31-0.69) and in smokers (OR 0.47; 95% C.I. 0.23-0.96).
conclusionWe report the novel findings of a decreased risk of IGRA positivity in HIV-infected smokers possibly due to decreased interferon production, and in the persons with a BCG scar suggesting a protective role for BCG in this population. We also found an increased risk of TST positivity in employed persons, possibly due to ongoing transmission in public modes of transport.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.