ArticlePLoS genetics2012
The date of interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neandertal demise: an archaeological analysis of the modern human superiority complex.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Archaic ancestry inference in imputed ancient human genomes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Recovering signatures of archaic introgression using ancestral recombination graphs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in methods to characterize archaic introgression in modern humans.Genome research · 2026Review
- Muscle AMP deaminase activity was lower in Neandertals than in modern humans.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Gene expression patterns of the developing human face at single cell resolution reveal cell type contributions to normal facial variation and disease risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ignoring population structure in hominin evolutionary models can lead to the inference of spurious admixture events.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
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- Patterns of population structure and genetic variation within the Saudi Arabian population.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Climate change in Europe between 90 and 50 kyr BP and Neanderthal territorial habitability.PloS one · 2025Article
- Neanderthal ancestry through time: Insights from genomes of ancient and present-day humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Haplotype-Based Approach Represents Locus Specificity in the Genomic Diversification Process in Humans (Genes · 2024Review
- Towards Reliable Detection of Introgression in the Presence of Among-Species Rate Variation.Systematic biology · 2024Article
- Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans over the past 200,000 years.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Denisovan admixture facilitated environmental adaptation in Papua New Guinean populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Neandertal ancestry through time: Insights from genomes of ancient and present-day humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- More than a decade of genetic research on the Denisovans.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Global and Local Ancestry and its Importance: A Review.Current genomics · 2024Review
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Comparisons of DNA sequences between Neandertals and present-day humans have shown that Neandertals share more genetic variants with non-Africans than with Africans. This could be due to interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans when the two groups met subsequent to the emergence of modern humans outside Africa. However, it could also be due to population structure that antedates the origin of Neandertal ancestors in Africa. We measure the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genomes of present-day Europeans and find that the last gene flow from Neandertals (or their relatives) into Europeans likely occurred 37,000-86,000 years before the present (BP), and most likely 47,000-65,000 years ago. This supports the recent interbreeding hypothesis and suggests that interbreeding may have occurred when modern humans carrying Upper Paleolithic technologies encountered Neandertals as they expanded out of Africa.
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