SynthesisInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2012
Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pulmonary medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Is Blood Eosinophil Count a Predictor of Response to Bronchodilators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Results from Post Hoc Subgroup Analyses.Clinical drug investigation · 2015Trial
- Anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50/250 mcg combination therapy in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2015Trial
- Impact of emphysema on biomarkers in hospitalized COPD patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic effects following initiation of single-inhaler triple therapy in COPD: a prospective observational study.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Observational
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients with Bronchiectasis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Drugs Used in the Treatment of Viral Infections for the Prevention of Airway Remodeling in Asthma.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- The predictive value of D-dimer combined with systemic immune-inflammation index for the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism in AECOPD patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of long-term inhaled combination therapies in patients with bronchiectasis and airflow obstruction.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Mechanism of KLF9 in airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Eosinophilic endotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: similarities and differences from asthma.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2021Review
- Unravelling the mechanisms driving multimorbidity in COPD to develop holistic approaches to patient-centred care.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of lung cancer among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a comprehensive analysis of nine prospective cohorts.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Therapeutic considerations with a focus on inhaled corticosteroids.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2020Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids in COPD: Trying to Make a Long Story Short.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- Day and Night Control of COPD and Role of Pharmacotherapy: A Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- Glucocorticoids inhibit macrophage differentiation towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon wounding without affecting their migration.Disease models & mechanisms · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the small airways. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on lung inflammation in COPD remains uncertain. We sought to determine the effects of ICS on inflammatory indices in bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD.
methodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and the Cochrane database for randomized, controlled clinical trials that used bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage to evaluate the effects of ICS in stable COPD. For each chosen study, we calculated the mean differences in the concentrations of inflammatory cells before and after treatment in both intervention and control groups. These values were then converted into standardized mean differences (SMD) to accommodate the differences in patient selection, clinical treatment, and biochemical procedures that were employed across the original studies. If significant heterogeneity was present (P < 0.1), then a random effects model was used to pool the original data; otherwise, a fixed effects model was used.
resultsWe identified eight original studies that met the inclusion criteria. Four studies used bronchial biopsies (n =102 participants) and showed that ICS were effective in reducing CD4 and CD8 cell counts (SMD, -0.52 units and -0.66 units, 95% confidence interval). The five studies used bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (n =309), which together showed that ICS reduced neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (SMD, -0.64 units and -0.64 units, 95% confidence interval). ICS on the other hand significantly increased macrophage counts (SMD, 0.68 units, 95% confidence interval) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
conclusionICS has important immunomodulatory effects in airways with COPD that may explain its beneficial effect on exacerbations and enhanced risk of pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.