ReviewThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2012
Inhibition of fear by learned safety signals: a mini-symposium review.
Review in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the medial prefrontal cortex modulates functional connectivity and enhances safety learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from two pilot studies.Depression and anxiety · 2022Trial
- Auditory associative learning drives synaptic responses in tail of the striatum spiny projection neurons.iScience · 2026Article
- A synaptic mechanism for encoding the learned value of action-derived safety.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Sex Differences on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Safety Learning in C57BL/6J Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- PTSD symptoms moderate predictors of psychophysiological arousal during fear inhibition: Evidence from a fear, reward, and neutral discrimination task.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Developmental Differences in a Hippocampal-Cingulate Pathway Involved in Learned Safety Following Interpersonal Trauma Exposure.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Safety learning induces postsynaptic potentiation of direct pathway spiny projection neurons in the tail of the striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Assessing the role of BNST GABA neurons in backward conditioned suppression.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2025Article
- Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Investigating the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder in Black Americans and the moderating effects of racial discrimination.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Translational approaches to the neurobiological study of conditional discrimination and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disease.Behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Modulation of learning safety signals by acute stress: paraventricular thalamus and prefrontal inhibition.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Deep rest: An integrative model of how contemplative practices combat stress and enhance the body's restorative capacity.Psychological review · 2024Article
- Auditory stimuli suppress contextual fear responses in safety learning independent of a possible safety meaning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Hippocampal Involvement in Safety Signal Learning Varies With Anxiety Among Healthy Adults.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of the caudal substantia nigra inflates behavioral responding to uncertain threat and safety.Behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Psychological and physiological correlates of stimulus discrimination in adults.Psychophysiology · 2023Article
- Dopamine release at the time of a predicted aversive outcome causally controls the trajectory and expression of conditioned behavior.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Encoding of conditioned inhibitors of fear in the infralimbic cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of the caudal substantia nigra inflates behavioral responding to uncertain threat and safety.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Safety signals are learned cues that predict the nonoccurrence of an aversive event. As such, safety signals are potent inhibitors of fear and stress responses. Investigations of safety signal learning have increased over the last few years due in part to the finding that traumatized persons are unable to use safety cues to inhibit fear, making it a clinically relevant phenotype. The goal of this review is to present recent advances relating to the neural and behavioral mechanisms of safety learning, and expression in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.