ArticlePsychopharmacology2013
Urge to smoke over 52 weeks of abstinence.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing nicotine withdrawal in smokers experiencing homelessness.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- A telephone-based intervention to promote physical activity during smoking cessation: a randomized controlled proof-of-concept study.Translational behavioral medicine · 2017Trial
- Physical activity for smoking cessation in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Trial
- Pilot randomized controlled trial of an internet-based smoking cessation intervention for pregnant smokers ('MumsQuit').Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms during temporary abstinence and the effect of nicotine gum.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Methylation of the Oxytocin, Oxytocin Receptor, and Vasopressin Gene Promoters in Tobacco Use Disorder during Cessation.Neuropsychobiology · 2024Article
- Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Tobacco Urge Management Scale (TUMS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Do number of smoking friends and changes over time predict smoking relapse? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of Non-Nicotinic E-Cigarettes to Reduce Cue- and Abstinence-Induced Cigarette Craving in Non-Treatment Seeking Daily Dependent Smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Predictive Power of Dependence Measures for Quitting Smoking. Findings From the 2016 to 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- The insula in nicotine use disorder: Functional neuroimaging and implications for neuromodulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Review
- Crave-Out: A Distraction/Motivation Mobile Game to Assist in Smoking Cessation.JMIR serious games · 2016Article
- Cigarette Cravings, Impulsivity, and the Brain.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2015Review
- Efficacy of Resistance Training as an Aid to Smoking Cessation: Rationale and Design of the Strength To Quit Study.Mental health and physical activity · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleCigarette cravings are well documented during the first weeks of smoking abstinence. Treatments focus on helping smokers reduce these acute cravings. Cravings experienced later on are less well understood and may be important when considering treatment duration.
objectiveWe conducted a longitudinal study of cravings over 52 weeks of smoking abstinence.
methodsCravings were operationalised as strength of, and time spent with, urges to smoke. These were assessed among 452 smokers quitting with behavioural support but without pharmacotherapies. Individuals maintaining abstinence were assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 26 and 52 weeks after quitting (n = 197, 156, 139, 131, 66 and 38, respectively). Abstinence was validated at each assessment by expired carbon monoxide. Time courses were plotted for those abstinent for 52 weeks and for those abstinent up to earlier time points. Correlations were examined between ratings of urges at consecutive time points.
resultsRatings of strength of urges to smoke followed an exponential decline over 52 weeks of abstinence, but 6 months after quitting 13 % of ex-smokers still reported strong urges. At 12 months, no ex-smokers reported strong urges, although 34 % reported some urges. Strength of urges to smoke after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of abstinence predicted strength of urges at 6 months.
conclusionsStrength of urges to smoke decline exponentially over time following smoking cessation, though some smokers report strong urges after 6 months of abstinence, and urges are still reported by a third of smokers after 12 months. Relapse prevention treatments may need to target prolonged craving.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.