ArticleNature2012
MR1 presents microbial vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells.
Article in Nature, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05598346 (Significance and Biological Importance of Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 798 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Significance and Biological Importance of Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Who cites it
798 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,307 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Gut archaea drive human MAIT cell responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- UcTCRp: a TCRβ-based framework for identifying and profiling MAIT- and iNKT-associated repertoire signals.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Select intratumoral riboflavin-auxotrophicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Anaerobic riboflavin degradation by human gutJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- The MHC-I related protein 1 MR1 can bind host purine catabolites.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Unconventional T cells in urological cancers: catch them if you can.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Cytosolic delivery of bacterial metabolites by riboflavin transporters promotes MR1 antigen presentation and MAIT cell recognition.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells support IL-15-dependent Treg response in skin injury and promote resolution of skin inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human neonatal MR1T cells have more diverse TCR repertoires but reduced bacterial recognition than adult MR1T cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Avoidance of MAIT cells is an essential determinant ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are reduced and dysfunctional in acute melioidosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Allelic variation alters expression and antigen presentation of MR1 allomorphs.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- PRECISE-seq reveals disease-relevant TCR repertoires with phenotypic plasticity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Sorting endosomes play key roles in presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived ligands to MAIT cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Restoration of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T-Cell Function in Healthcare-Associated Bacterial Infections Supports Recovery of Carbapenem Efficacy Against Resistant Bacteria Ex Vivo.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- MAIT cell plasticity generates CD4Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins Regulate Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Function.Immunology · 2026Article
738 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen-presenting molecules, encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 family, bind peptide- and lipid-based antigens, respectively, for recognition by T cells. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of innate-like T cells in humans that are activated by an antigen(s) bound to the MHC class I-like molecule MR1. Although the identity of MR1-restricted antigen(s) is unknown, it is present in numerous bacteria and yeast. Here we show that the structure and chemistry within the antigen-binding cleft of MR1 is distinct from the MHC and CD1 families. MR1 is ideally suited to bind ligands originating from vitamin metabolites. The structure of MR1 in complex with 6-formyl pterin, a folic acid (vitamin B9) metabolite, shows the pterin ring sequestered within MR1. Furthermore, we characterize related MR1-restricted vitamin derivatives, originating from the bacterial riboflavin (vitamin B2) biosynthetic pathway, which specifically and potently activate MAIT cells. Accordingly, we show that metabolites of vitamin B represent a class of antigen that are presented by MR1 for MAIT-cell immunosurveillance. As many vitamin biosynthetic pathways are unique to bacteria and yeast, our data suggest that MAIT cells use these metabolites to detect microbial infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.