ArticleMolecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)2012
Clusterin and FOXL2 act concordantly to regulate pituitary gonadotroph adenoma growth.
Article in Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Relationship between Pituitary Gland and Stem Cell in the Aspect of Hormone Production and Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Review
- The role and function of CLU in cancer biology and therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- The clusterin connectome: Emerging players in chondrocyte biology and putative exploratory biomarkers of osteoarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of Important Invasion-Related Genes in Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2019Article
- Pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Pituitary · 2018Review
- Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Inhibitory effects of a selective Jak2 inhibitor on adrenocorticotropic hormone production and proliferation of corticotroph tumor AtT20 cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Article
- Microarray technology reveals potentially novel genes and pathways involved in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Balkan journal of medical genetics : BJMG · 2016Article
- Article
- Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 decreases ACTH production and cell proliferation in AtT-20 cells.Pituitary · 2015Article
- Minireview: Activin Signaling in Gonadotropes: What Does the FOX say… to the SMAD?Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2015Review
- Genetic regulation of murine pituitary development.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2015Review
- Expression stability of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR of healthy and diseased pituitary tissue samples varies between humans, mice, and dogs.Molecular neurobiology · 2014Article
- Pituitary gland development and disease: from stem cell to hormone production.Current topics in developmental biology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pituitary tumors grow slowly and despite their high prevalence are invariably benign. We therefore studied mechanisms underlying pituitary tumor growth restraint. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), the index human securin, a hallmark of pituitary tumors, triggers pituitary cell proliferation and murine pituitary tumor development. We show that human gonadotroph cell pituitary tumors, unlike other secreting tumor types, express high levels of gonadotroph-specific forkhead transcription factor FOXL2, and both PTTG and Forkhead box protein L2 (FOXL2) stimulate gonadotroph clusterin (Clu) expression. Both Clu RNA isoforms are abundantly expressed in these nonhormone-secreting human tumors, and, when cultured, these tumor cells release highly abundant levels of secreted Clu. FOXL2 directly stimulates the Clu gene promoter, and we show that PTTG triggers ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase/IGF-I/p38MAPK DNA damage/chromosomal instability signaling, which in turn also induces Clu expression. Consequently, Clu restrains pituitary cell proliferation by inducing cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p27, whereas Clu deletion down-regulates p16 and p27 in the Clu(-/-) mouse pituitary. FOXL2 binds and suppresses the PTTG promoter, and Clu also suppresses PTTG expression, thus neutralizing protumorigenic PTTG gonadotroph tumor cell properties. In vivo, murine gonadotroph LβT2 tumor cell xenografts overexpressing Clu and FOXL2 both grow slower and elicit smaller tumors. Thus, gonadotroph tumor cell proliferation is determined by the interplay between cell-specific FOXL2 with PTTG and Clu.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.