ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Early environments and the ecology of inflammation.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dyadic Therapy for Mothers and Children
Early Life Diarrhoea Episode(s), Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories From Birth Until 3 Years of Life ; The University of Zimbabwe Birth Cohort Study-2 (UZBCS-2)
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-Life Gut Microbiota and the Pediatric Gut-Lung Axis: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Preclinical, and Mechanistic Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D prenatal programming of childhood metabolomics profiles at age 3 y.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Trial
- Human endogenous retroviruses antibody signatures in severe asthma phenotypes.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Interindividual Variation in Chronic Inflammation in Northern Lao People's Democratic Republic.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Review
- Associations among discrimination, genetic susceptibility to inflammation, and C-reactive protein.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Association of Plasma IL-6 with Indoor Radon Exposure in Children with Non-Allergic Asthma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and the gut-lung axis: links to asthma and its common comorbidities.PeerJ · 2026Review
- A New Perspective on Nasal Microbiota Dysbiosis-Mediated Allergic Rhinitis: From the Mechanism of Immune Microenvironment Remodeling to Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating psychosocial factors and systemic inflammation using dried blood spots: a scoping review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Duration of Breastfeeding in Infancy and Levels of Central Adiposity and Systemic Inflammation in Early Middle Adulthood.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Early-life infectious disease exposure, the "hygiene hypothesis," and lifespan: Evidence from hookworm disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Comparison of age-related inflammation and oxidative stress in two lemur species.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2025Article
- Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Review
- The changing epidemiology of paediatric childhood asthma and allergy in different regions of the world.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Contemporary small-scale subsistence populations offer unique insights into human musculoskeletal health and aging.Science advances · 2024Review
- Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Increased Proinflammatory Signaling in Late Pregnancy: Evidence From a Filipino Cohort.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2024Article
- The association between dental caries and serum crp in the us adult population: evidence from NHANES 2015-2018.BMC public health · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent research has implicated inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of a wide range of chronic degenerative diseases, although inflammation has long been recognized as a critical line of defense against infectious disease. However, current scientific understandings of the links between chronic low-grade inflammation and diseases of aging are based primarily on research in high-income nations with low levels of infectious disease and high levels of overweight/obesity. From a comparative and historical point of view, this epidemiological situation is relatively unique, and it may not capture the full range of ecological variation necessary to understand the processes that shape the development of inflammatory phenotypes. The human immune system is characterized by substantial developmental plasticity, and a comparative, developmental, ecological framework is proposed to cast light on the complex associations among early environments, regulation of inflammation, and disease. Recent studies in the Philippines and lowland Ecuador reveal low levels of chronic inflammation, despite higher burdens of infectious disease, and point to nutritional and microbial exposures in infancy as important determinants of inflammation in adulthood. By shaping the regulation of inflammation, early environments moderate responses to inflammatory stimuli later in life, with implications for the association between inflammation and chronic diseases. Attention to the eco-logics of inflammation may point to promising directions for future research, enriching our understanding of this important physiological system and informing approaches to the prevention and treatment of disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.