ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2012
B and T cells collaborate in antiviral responses via IL-6, IL-21, and transcriptional activator and coactivator, Oct2 and OBF-1.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03414086 (Predictor of Clinical Response to Acthar in Myositis), which is not on this map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predictor of Clinical Response to Acthar in Myositis: Phase II of Acthar Clinical Trial
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myocardial Immune Cells: The Basis of Cardiac Immunology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Pooled it
- An IL-21R STAT hypomorph circumvents functional redundancy in germinal centre responses.eLife · 2026Article
- Correlation of AHR Activation-Induced Suppression of PWM-Stimulated IgG and IgG-Triggered Signaling in Human PBMCs.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A unified network systems approach uncovers a core program underlying T follicular helper cell differentiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- An "old" cytokine's new trick: IL-1β in B cells and the germinal center.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Molecular insight into transcriptome profiling of aerobic exercise induced changes in aged skeletal muscle.npj aging · 2026Article
- Conditional Ablation of PKCλ/ι in CD4Biomolecules · 2025Article
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- Clinical Manifestations and Cytokine Profiles of the Th1, Th2, and Th17 Response Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Germinal Center B cells provide essential IL-1β signals to TFH cells via canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activity post influenza infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial DNA oxidation propagates autoimmunity by enabling plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce TNature immunology · 2025Article
- POU2F2Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Follicular Helper T Cells: Potential Interventional Targets in Atherosclerosis.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Immune cell senescence in autoimmunity: implications for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Characterization of Freshly Isolated Human Peripheral Blood B Cells, Monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells, and Skin Mast Cells by Quantitative Transcriptomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Complex Dysregulations of CD4 T Cell Subtypes in HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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- Heterologous booster vaccination enhances antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 by improving Tfh function and increasing B-cell clonotype SHM frequency.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A strong humoral response to infection requires the collaboration of several hematopoietic cell types that communicate via antigen presentation, surface coreceptors and their ligands, and secreted factors. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to promote the differentiation of activated CD4(+) T cells into T follicular helper cells (T(FH) cells) during an immune response. T(FH) cells collaborate with B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) during T cell-dependent antibody responses, in part through secretion of critical cytokines such as IL-21. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of either IL-6 or IL-21 has marginal effects on the generation of T(FH) cells and on the formation of GCs during the response to acute viral infection. However, mice lacking both IL-6 and IL-21 were unable to generate a robust T(FH) cell-dependent immune response. We found that IL-6 production in follicular B cells in the draining lymph node was an important early event during the antiviral response and that B cell-derived IL-6 was necessary and sufficient to induce IL-21 from CD4(+) T cells in vitro and to support T(FH) cell development in vivo. Finally, the transcriptional activator Oct2 and its cofactor OBF-1 were identified as regulators of Il6 expression in B cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.