ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Intrarectal instillation of Clostridium difficile toxin A triggers colonic inflammation and tissue damage: development of a novel and efficient mouse model of Clostridium difficile toxin exposure.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The swine IsoLoop model of the gut host-microbiota interface enables intra-animal treatment comparisons to advance 3R principles.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Systemic neutrophil degranulation and emergency granulopoiesis in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection.Anaerobe · 2024Article
- Exploring the Toxin-Mediated Mechanisms inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Reviewing theMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- An integrated pipeline for prediction of Clostridioides difficile infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Opportunities for Nanomedicine inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Associates With Functional Alterations in Circulating microRNAs.Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Murine Intrarectal Instillation of Purified RecombinantInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- A Palmitoylethanolamide ProducingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Functional analyses of epidemic Clostridioides difficile toxin B variants reveal their divergence in utilizing receptors and inducing pathology.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Enteropathogenic Infections: Organoids Go Bacterial.Stem cells international · 2021Review
- RIPK3 PromotesJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- IL-17-producing γδ T cells protect against Clostridium difficile infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- The xenobiotic sensing pregnane X receptor regulates tissue damage and inflammation triggered by C difficile toxins.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Article
- A new role for heat shock factor 27 in the pathophysiology ofAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2020Article
- Clostridium difficile toxins A and B decrease intestinal SLC26A3 protein expression.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2018Article
- Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection with a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Toxin UDP-Glucose Hydrolysis Activity.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Mice with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are Susceptible to Clostridium difficile Infection With Severe Disease Outcomes.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2018Article
- Cysteine Protease-Mediated Autocleavage ofCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2018Article
- Protective Effects of Bifidobacterial Strains Against ToxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile, a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, triggers disease through the release of two toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). These toxins disrupt the cytoskeleton of the intestinal epithelial cell, increasing intestinal permeability and triggering the release of inflammatory mediators resulting in intestinal injury and inflammation. The most prevalent animal model to study TcdA/TcdB-induced intestinal injury involves injecting toxin into the lumen of a surgically generated "ileal loop." This model is time-consuming and exhibits variability depending on the expertise of the surgeon. Furthermore, the target organ of C. difficile infection (CDI) in humans is the colon, not the ileum. In the current study, we describe a new model of CDI that involves intrarectal instillation of TcdA/TcdB into the mouse colon. The administration of TcdA/TcdB triggered colonic inflammation and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration as well as increased epithelial barrier permeability and intestinal epithelial cell death. The damage and inflammation triggered by TcdA/TcdB isolates from the VPI and 630 strains correlated with the concentration of TcdA and TcdB produced. TcdA/TcdB exposure increased the expression of a number of inflammatory mediators associated with human CDI, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and IL-1β. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that TcdA was much more potent at inducing colonic injury than was TcdB but TcdB could act synergistically with TcdA to exacerbate injury. Taken together, our data indicate that the intrarectal murine model provides a robust and efficient system to examine the effects of TcdA/TcdB on the induction of inflammation and colonic tissue damage in the context of human CDI.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.