ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2012
Genetic modification of the association of paraquat and Parkinson's disease.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 null genotypes and Parkinson's disease risk: evidence from an updated meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2015Pooled it
- Null genotype of GSTT1 contributes to increased Parkinson's disease risk in Caucasians: evidence from a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2014Pooled it
- Dual-Risk axis:Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Including genetic susceptibility towards Parkinson's disease in NAM-based hazard and risk assessment of pesticides: a semi-systematic review.NAM journal · 2025Review
- The global rise in Parkinson's disease: a critical analysis of causes and future directions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: How Far from Clinical Translation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Body, the Brain, the Environment, and Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Parkinson's Disease is Predominantly a Genetic Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Investigation of the association of military employment and Parkinson's disease with a validated Parkinson's disease case-finding strategy.Brain injury · 2023Article
- Pesticides and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Convergent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiles of hiPSC-derived dopamine neurons from clinically discordant brothers with identical PRKN deletions.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Incidence of Parkinson's disease in French women from the E3N cohort study over 27 years of follow-up.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Paraquat-induced cholesterol biosynthesis proteins dysregulation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The impact of dextran sodium sulphate and probiotic pre-treatment in a murine model of Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Probing the Pre-diagnostic Phase of Parkinson's Disease in Population-Based Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Paraquat Toxicogenetics: Strain-Related Reduction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Staining inFrontiers in toxicology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide. It produces a Parkinson's disease (PD) model in rodents through redox cycling and oxidative stress (OS) and is associated with PD risk in humans. Glutathione transferases provide cellular protection against OS and could potentially modulate paraquat toxicity. We investigated PD risk associated with paraquat use in individuals with homozygous deletions of the genes encoding glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) or T1 (GSTT1). Eighty-seven PD subjects and 343 matched controls were recruited from the Agricultural Health Study, a study of licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. PD was confirmed by in-person examination. Paraquat use and covariates were determined by interview. We genotyped subjects for homozygous deletions of GSTM1 (GSTM1*0) and GSTT1 (GSTT1*0) and tested interaction between paraquat use and genotype using logistic regression. Two hundred and twenty-three (52%) subjects had GSTM1*0, 95 (22%) had GSTT1*0, and 73 (17%; all men) used paraquat. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no interaction with GSTM1. In contrast, GSTT1 genotype significantly modified the association between paraquat and PD. In men with functional GSTT1, the odds ratio (OR) for association of PD with paraquat use was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-3.6); in men with GSTT1*0, the OR was 11.1 (95% CI: 3.0-44.6; P interaction: 0.027). Although replication is needed, our results suggest that PD risk from paraquat exposure might be particularly high in individuals lacking GSTT1. GSTT1*0 is common and could potentially identify a large subpopulation at high risk of PD from oxidative stressors such as paraquat.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.