ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2013
Environmental risk factors for Pneumocystis pneumonia hospitalizations in HIV patients.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recreational drug inhalation and socioenvironmental determinants of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV: a hospital-based case control study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Personal PM2.5 exposure and lung function among adults with and without HIV who have recovered from pneumonia in Kampala, Uganda.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
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- Air pollution and respiratory infections: the past, present, and future.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Review
- COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- No Change ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Transmission and Colonization ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Talaromycosis Hospitalizations of HIV-Infected Patients in Guangzhou, China: Case Crossover Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Pneumocystosis as a Complication of H1N1 Influenza A Infection in an HIV-Positive Patient on Effective cART.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The Relationship betweenOBM genetics · 2018Article
- Environmental injustice and sexual minority health disparities: A national study of inequitable health risks from air pollution among same-sex partners.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2017Article
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- Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-positive patients in Spain: epidemiology and environmental risk factors.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2014Review
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- The ecology of pneumocystis: perspectives, personal recollections, and future research opportunities.The Journal of eukaryotic microbiologyReview
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the United States. Although the host risk factors for the development of PcP are well established, the environmental (climatological, air pollution) risk factors are poorly understood. The major goal of this study was to determine the environmental risk factors for admissions of HIV-positive patients with PcP to a single medical center.
methodsBetween 1997 and 2008, 457 HIV-positive patients with microscopically confirmed PcP were admitted to the San Francisco General Hospital. A case-crossover design was applied to identify environmental risk factors for PcP hospitalizations. Climatological and air pollution data were collected from the Environmental Protection Agency and Weather Warehouse databases. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of each environmental factor and PcP hospital admission.
resultsHospital admissions were significantly more common in the summer than in the other seasons. Increases in temperature and sulfur dioxide levels were independently associated with hospital admissions for PcP, but the effects of sulfur dioxide were modified by increasing carbon monoxide levels.
conclusionsThis study identifies both climatological and air pollution constituents as independent risk factors for hospitalization of HIV-positive patients with PcP in San Francisco. Thus, the environmental effects on PcP are more likely complex than previously thought. Further studies are needed to understand how these factors exert their effects and to determine if these factors are associated with PcP in other geographic locations.
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