ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair
Muscle plasticity and ankle control after repetitive use of a functional electrical stimulation device for foot drop in cerebral palsy.
Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward a hybrid exoskeleton for crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy: neuromuscular electrical stimulation for improved knee extension.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Technical development of transcutaneous electrical nerve inhibition using medium-frequency alternating current.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2018Trial
- Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscle: A Narrative Review.Artificial organs · 2026Review
- Sonomyography accurately captures joint kinematics during volitional and electrically stimulated motion in healthy adults and an individual with cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The Orthotic Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Reactive Stepping for People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.Artificial organs · 2025Article
- The Determination of Assistance-as-Needed Support by an Ankle-Foot Orthosis for Patients with Foot Drop.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Functional Benefit and Orthotic Effect of Dorsiflexion-FES in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Case report: The gait deviation index may predict neurotherapeutic effects of FES-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- Simple within-stride changes in treadmill speed can drive selective changes in human gait symmetry.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comprehensive dynamic and kinematic analysis of the rodent hindlimb during over ground walking.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Fused ultrasound and electromyography-driven neuromuscular model to improve plantarflexion moment prediction across walking speeds.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Muscle architecture, growth, and biological Remodelling in cerebral palsy: a narrative review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Review
- A deep learning method to predict ankle joint moment during walking at different speeds with ultrasound imaging: A framework for assistive devices control.Wearable technologies · 2022Article
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to augment lower limb exercise and mobility in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy: A scoping review.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Individualized Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Acute Changes during Walking: A Case Series in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Functional Electrical Stimulation for Foot Drop in Post-Stroke People: Quantitative Effects on Step-to-Step Symmetry of Gait Using a Wearable Inertial Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- What causes increased passive stiffness of plantarflexor muscle-tendon unit in children with spastic cerebral palsy?European journal of applied physiology · 2019Review
- Use of a Novel Functional Electrical Stimulation Gait Training System in 2 Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series Exploring Neurotherapeutic Changes.Physical therapy · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Gait Phase Detection Delay Compensation Strategies to Control a Gyroscope-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation System During Walking.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Kinematic and Functional Gait Changes After the Utilization of a Foot Drop Stimulator in Pediatrics.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe primary goal was to determine whether repetitive functional electrical stimulation (FES) for unilateral foot drop increases tibialis anterior (TA) muscle size compared with an untreated baseline and the contralateral side in cerebral palsy (CP). Secondary goals were to determine whether positive changes in muscle size and gait, if found, accumulated during the 3 intervals during which participants used the device. FES devices differ from traditional orthoses that often restrict muscle activation and may exacerbate weakness, promote continued dependence on orthoses, or precipitate functional decline.
methodsParticipants were 14 independent ambulators with inadequate dorsiflexion in swing, with a mean age of 13.1 years, evaluated before and after the 3-month baseline, 1-month device accommodation, 3-month primary intervention, and 3-month follow-up phases. The FES device (WalkAide) stimulated the common fibular nerve to dorsiflex the ankle and evert the foot while monitoring use. TA muscle ultrasound, gait velocity, and ankle kinematic data for barefoot and device conditions are reported.
resultsUltrasound measures of TA anatomic cross-sectional area and muscle thickness increased in the intervention compared with baseline and with the contralateral side and were maintained at follow-up. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion decreased at baseline but improved or was maintained during the intervention phase with and without the device, respectively. Muscle size gains were preserved at follow-up, but barefoot ankle motion returned to baseline values.
conclusionsThis FES device produced evidence of use-dependent muscle plasticity in CP. Permanent improvements in voluntary ankle control after repetitive stimulation were not demonstrated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.