ArticleShock (Augusta, Ga.)2012
The endogenous bacteria alter gut epithelial apoptosis and decrease mortality following Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
Article in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Roles of Gut Microbiota in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Nutrition and the gut microbiome: a symbiotic dialogue influencing health and disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- HS-AssociatedMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The gut-lung axis: the impact of the gut mycobiome on pulmonary diseases and infections.Oxford open immunology · 2024Review
- Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist GW4064 Protects Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Colorectal Tumorigenesis Signaling through the αKlotho/βKlotho/FGFs Pathways in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Gut Microbiome in Sepsis.Surgical infections · 2023Review
- The Role of Gut Bacteriome in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Maternal and early life exposures and their potential to influence development of the microbiome.Genome medicine · 2022Review
- Targeting the gut microbiome in the management of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Dysbiosis and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Is Exacerbated Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2021Article
- Why is it worth remembering the lung microbiome in ICU patients?Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2021Review
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction in the critically ill: a systematic scoping review and research agenda proposed by the Section of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Article
- Sepsis therapies: learning from 30 years of failure of translational research to propose new leads.EMBO molecular medicine · 2020Review
- The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Lung microbiome - a modern knowledge.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Review
- Alcohol consumption increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia in a humanized murine HIV model mediated by intestinal dysbiosis.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Baicalin modulates apoptosis via RAGE, MAPK, and AP-1 in vascular endothelial cells duringInnate immunity · 2019Article
- The gut microbiome alters immunophenotype and survival from sepsis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The endogenous bacteria have been hypothesized to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of critical illness, although their role in sepsis is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine how commensal bacteria alter the host response to sepsis. Conventional and germ-free (GF) C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. All GF mice died within 2 days, whereas 44% of conventional mice survived for 7 days (P = 0.001). Diluting the dose of bacteria 10-fold in GF mice led to similar survival in GF and conventional mice. When animals with similar mortality were assayed for intestinal integrity, GF mice had lower levels of intestinal epithelial apoptosis but similar levels of proliferation and intestinal permeability. Germ-free mice had significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with conventional mice without changes in systemic cytokine production. Under conventional conditions, sepsis unmasks lymphocyte control of intestinal epithelial apoptosis, because sepsis induces a greater increase in gut apoptosis in Rag-1 mice than in wild-type mice. However, in a separate set of experiments, gut apoptosis was similar between septic GF Rag-1 mice and septic GF wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that the endogenous bacteria play a protective role in mediating mortality from pneumonia-induced sepsis, potentially mediated through altered intestinal apoptosis and the local proinflammatory response. In addition, sepsis-induced lymphocyte-dependent increases in gut epithelial apoptosis appear to be mediated by the endogenous bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.