ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Biosynthesis and functions of a melanoid pigment produced by species of the sporothrix complex in the presence of L-tyrosine.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Manipulation inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Response to Oxidative Stress inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extracutaneous sporotrichosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The biofilm produced by Cryptococcus neoformans protects the fungus from the antifungal and anti-melanin effects of cyclosporine.Microbial pathogenesis · 2025Article
- Melanin in fungi: advances in structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- Silencing ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dark Pigments in Entomopathogenic Fungal Microsclerotia: Preliminary Evidence of a 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin-like Compound inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Unveiling the Morphostructural Plasticity of Zoonotic Sporotrichosis Fungal Strains: Possible Implications forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Current Progress inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- New insights and advances on pyomelanin production: from microbial synthesis to applications.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Review
- The bZip Transcription Factor VdMRTF1 is a Negative Regulator of Melanin Biosynthesis and Virulence in Verticillium dahliae.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Virulence Factors ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Old and New Insights intoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced byMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Comparative Biophysical and Ultrastructural Analysis of Melanins Produced by Clinical Strains of Different Species From the Trichosporonaceae Family.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Fungal Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Review
- Current Models to Study theFrontiers in fungal biology · 2022Review
- Pyomelanin produced by Streptomyces sp. ZL-24 and its protective effects against SH-SY5Y cells injury induced by hydrogen peroxide.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Fungal Melanin and the Mammalian Immune System.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii is the etiological agent of sporotrichosis, the main subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. Melanin is an important virulence factor of S. schenckii, which produces dihydroxynaphthalene melanin (DHN-melanin) in conidia and yeast cells. Additionally, l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) can be used to enhance melanin production on these structures as well as on hyphae. Some fungi are able to synthesize another type of melanoid pigment, called pyomelanin, as a result of tyrosine catabolism. Since there is no information about tyrosine catabolism in Sporothrix spp., we cultured 73 strains, including representatives of newly described Sporothrix species of medical interest, such as S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, and S. globosa, in minimal medium with tyrosine. All strains but one were able to produce a melanoid pigment with a negative charge in this culture medium after 9 days of incubation. An S. schenckii DHN-melanin mutant strain also produced pigment in the presence of tyrosine. Further analysis showed that pigment production occurs in both the filamentous and yeast phases, and pigment accumulates in supernatants during stationary-phase growth. Notably, sulcotrione inhibits pigment production. Melanin ghosts of wild-type and DHN mutant strains obtained when the fungus was cultured with tyrosine were similar to melanin ghosts yielded in the absence of the precursor, indicating that this melanin does not polymerize on the fungal cell wall. However, pyomelanin-producing fungal cells were more resistant to nitrogen-derived oxidants and to UV light. In conclusion, at least three species of the Sporothrix complex are able to produce pyomelanin in the presence of tyrosine, and this pigment might be involved in virulence.
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