ReviewSeminars in thrombosis and hemostasis2012
Effect of genetic variants, especially CYP2C9 and VKORC1, on the pharmacology of warfarin.
Review in Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI accuracy in warfarin dose prediction across ethnic groups.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Genotype-Guided vs Standard Dosing of Warfarin.Chest · 2015Pooled it
- Multi-omics-driven precision medicine.iMeta · 2026Review
- Trends in drug-drug interactions for new drug clinical trials in China over the past 10 years (2013-2022).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Warfarin and Polypharmacy Challenges in Sudan: Drug Interactions in Patient Cohort.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2024Article
- Acute kidney injury interacts with VKORC1 genotype on initiative warfarin dose among heart surgery recipients: a real-world research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The association between warfarin usage and international normalized ratio increase: systematic analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).The journal of cardiovascular aging · 2023Article
- Genomewide Association Study Identifies Copy Number Variants Associated With Warfarin Dose Response and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in African Americans.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Article
- DBCSMOTE: a clustering-based oversampling technique for data-imbalanced warfarin dose prediction.BMC medical genomics · 2020Article
- The Contribution ofIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2020Article
- Prosthetic valve thrombosis - association of genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genes.Medicine · 2019Article
- Effect of Gene-Based Warfarin Dosing on Anticoagulation Control and Clinical Events in a Real-World Setting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Population Pharmacogenomics for Precision Public Health in Colombia.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- The effect ofResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2018Article
- New Anticoagulants for the Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2017Review
- Personalized medicine: Genetic risk prediction of drug response.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2017Review
- Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Genes with Warfarin Dosage in a Group of Kuwaiti Individuals.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2016Article
- Effects of VKORC1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Warfarin Maintenance Dose Requirement in a Chinese Han Population.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The genes encoding the cytochrome P450 2C9 enzyme (CYP2C9) and vitamin K-epoxide reductase complex unit 1 (VKORC1) are major determinants of anticoagulant response to warfarin. Together with patient demographics and clinical information, they account for approximately one-half of the warfarin dose variance in individuals of European descent. Recent prospective and randomized controlled trial data support pharmacogenetic guidance with their use in warfarin dose initiation and titration. Benefits from pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin dosing have been reported to extend beyond the period of initial dosing, with supportive data indicating benefits to at least 3 months. The genetic effects of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 in African and Asian populations are concordant with those in individuals of European ancestry; however, frequency distribution of allelic variants can vary considerably between major populations. Future randomized controlled trials in multiethnic settings using population-specific dosing algorithms will allow us to further ascertain the generalizability and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin therapy. Additional genome-wide association studies may help us to improve and refine dosing algorithms and potentially identify novel biological pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.