ReviewNeuron2012
Neuromodulation of brain states.
Review in Neuron, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 365 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
365 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Distinct neurobiological alterations during hedonic experience of rewards in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: Multimodal evidence from neuroimaging meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Facilitates Cortical Arousal and Alertness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Pharmacological Manipulations of Physiological Arousal and Sleep-Like Slow Waves Modulate Sustained Attention.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Trial
- The Computational, Pharmacological, and Physiological Determinants of Sensory Learning under Uncertainty.Current biology : CB · 2021Trial
- Arousal-driven critical roaming reproduces human functional connectivity dynamics.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Neuromodulatory Gating of Synaptic Plasticity: Mechanisms, Motivation, and Clinical Dysfunction Across Scales.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- The default mode network exhibits circuit-specific selective vulnerability despite widespread amyloid burden in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Serotonergic modulation of motor subspace dynamics drives a sleep-independent quiescent state.eLife · 2026Article
- Spatially structured heterogeneity shapes large-scale cortical dynamics in a model of the human cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sensory-to-motor transformations: From serial pipelines to dynamic, distributed processes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation of excitation-inhibition balance in dementia with lewy bodies: a translational framework.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Arousal state modulates human hippocampal ripples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Topological acoustic synapse for high-dimensional neuromorphic computing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Quantitative anatomy and biophysical modeling of ascending neuromodulatory systems in the developing rat neocortex.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.Psychophysiology · 2026Review
- Review
- A hypothalamic-brainstem activity sequence underlies arousal fluctuations during daytime drowsiness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
305 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Switches between different behavioral states of the animal are associated with prominent changes in global brain activity, between sleep and wakefulness or from inattentive to vigilant states. What mechanisms control brain states, and what are the functions of the different states? Here we summarize current understanding of the key neural circuits involved in regulating brain states, with a particular emphasis on the subcortical neuromodulatory systems. At the functional level, arousal and attention can greatly enhance sensory processing, whereas sleep and quiet wakefulness may facilitate learning and memory. Several new techniques developed over the past decade promise great advances in our understanding of the neural control and function of different brain states.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.