Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23039106›Full record

ReviewNeuropathology and applied neurobiology2013

Review: microglia of the aged brain: primed to be activated and resistant to regulation.

D M Norden, J P Godbout

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neuropathology and applied neurobiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 475 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
475citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

475 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Cognitive Impairment in End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Markers and Risk Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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415 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

D M NordenDepartment of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
J P Godbout

Funding

Aging, Microglial Dysregulation and DepressionR01AG033028 · NIA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI GODBOUT, JONATHAN P · 2009 to 2013
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033028NIA NIH HHS R01-AG-033028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Innate immunity within the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily provided by resident microglia. Microglia are pivotal in immune surveillance and also facilitate the co-ordinated responses between the immune system and the brain. For example, microglia interpret and propagate inflammatory signals that are initiated in the periphery. This transient microglial activation helps mount the appropriate physiological and behavioural response following peripheral infection. With normal ageing, however, microglia develop a more inflammatory phenotype. For instance, in several models of ageing there are increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and increased expression of inflammatory receptors on microglia. This increased inflammatory status of microglia with ageing is referred to as primed, reactive or sensitized. A modest increase in the inflammatory profile of the CNS and altered microglial function in ageing has behavioural and cognitive consequences. Nonetheless, there are major differences in microglial biology between young and old age when the immune system is challenged and microglia are activated. In this context, microglial activation is amplified and prolonged in the aged brain compared with adults. The cause of this amplified microglial activation may be related to impairments in several key regulatory systems with age that make it more difficult to resolve microglial activation. The consequences of impaired regulation and microglial hyper-activation following immune challenge are exaggerated neuroinflammation, sickness behaviour, depressive-like behaviour and cognitive deficits. Therefore the purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of age-associated microglial priming, consequences of priming and reactivity, and the impairments in regulatory systems that may underlie these age-related deficits.

Indexed as

AgingAnimalsBrainHumansImmunity, InnateInflammationMicroglia

Identifiers

PMID23039106
PMCPMC3553257

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.