ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2012
West Nile Virus: biology, transmission, and human infection.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Patterns and characteristics of cranial nerve neuropathy in West Nile virus infection: a systematic review of cases reported globally.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- A need for null models in understanding disease transmission: the example of Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer disease).FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Pooled it
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- West Nile Virus in People with HIV: Immune Vulnerability, Neuroinvasive Disease, and Diagnostic Challenges.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Patterns of emergence and circulation of West Nile Virus in Algeria.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Risk assessment of West Nile fever in equines in Europe based on an ecological niche model.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Determining factors of the blood feeding behaviour of mosquito vectors of West Nile and Rift Valley fever viruses in Madagascar.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated vector and arbovirus surveillance in Cyprus: first reports of Usutu virus and Culex pipiens bioform diversity highlight potential for zoonotic arbovirus transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- A multidisciplinary approach to the detection of and response to West Nile virus in the Netherlands between 2020 and 2023: best practices, challenges and opportunities.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Divergent roles of Hsp70 chaperones in orthoflavivirus protein secretion and virion formation.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Review
- Field-Collected Belgian Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium Mosquitoes are Competent for West Nile Virus Under Different Temperature Conditions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Evidence of West Nile virus exposure in healthy donors and a clinical case in an immunocompromised child: emerging public health implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Fatal West Nile Encephalomyelitis in a Young Woman with Hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's Syndrome. Molecular Insights into Viral Neuro-Invasivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Circulation dynamics of West Nile virus in Germany, 2023 and 2024.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Identification of a culturable fungal species and endosymbiotic bacteria in saliva of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens and their impact on arbovirus infection in vitro.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- A Novel Diagnostic Tool for West Nile Virus Lineage 1a and 2 Using a CRISPR-Cas12a System.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Are we doing our best to contain the spread of West Nile virus? Evaluating intervention efficacy through mathematical modelling.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile Virus was introduced into the Western Hemisphere during the late summer of 1999 and has been causing significant and sometimes severe human diseases since that time. This article briefly touches upon the biology of the virus and provides a comprehensive review regarding recent discoveries about virus transmission, virus acquisition, and human infection and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.