Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23034157›Full record

ArticleBiology of reproduction2012

Molecular profiling of postnatal development of the hypothalamus in female and male rats.

Deena M Walker, Dean Kirson, Lorenzo F Perez, Andrea C Gore

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology of reproduction, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Divergent Photoperiodic Responses in HypothalamicAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Review
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  11. Review
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  13. Article
  14. Signatures of sex: Sex differences in gene expression in the vertebrate brain.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology · 2020
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Deena M WalkerInstitute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Dean Kirson
Lorenzo F Perez
Andrea C Gore
The University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

Sexually dimorphic effects of endocrine disruptors on brain & behaviorR01ES020662 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI CREWS, DAVID P, GORE, ANDREA C · 2011 to 2015
$1.8M
Transgenerational epigenetic effects of PCBs on neuroendocrine systemsRC1ES018139 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI GORE, ANDREA C · 2009 to 2010
$838k
Epigenetic Molecular Mechanisms and Reproductive TransitionsF31AG034813 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI WALKER, DEENA M. · 2010 to 2011
$62k
NIA NIH HHS 1F31 AG034813NIA NIH HHS F31 AG034813NIEHS NIH HHS 1R01 ES020662NIEHS NIH HHS 1RC1 ES018139NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES020662NIEHS NIH HHS RC1 ES018139
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reproductive function is highly dynamic during postnatal developmental. Here, we performed molecular profiling of gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of developing male and female rats to identify which genes are sexually dimorphic, to gain insight into a more complex network of hypothalamic genes, and to ascertain dynamic changes in their relationships with one another and with sex steroid hormones during development. Using a low-density PCR platform, we quantified mRNA levels in the preoptic area (POA) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), and assayed circulating estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone at six ages from birth through adulthood. Numerous genes underwent developmental change, particularly postnatal increases, decreases, or peaks/plateaus at puberty. Surprisingly, there were few sex differences; only Esr1, Kiss1, and Tac2 were dimorphic (higher in females). Cluster analysis of gene expression revealed sexually dimorphic correlations in the POA but not the MBH from P30 (Postnatal Day 30) to P60. Hormone measurements showed few sex differences in developmental profiles of estradiol; higher levels of progesterone in females only after P30; and a developmental pattern of testosterone with a nadir at P30 followed by a dramatic increase through P60 (males). Furthermore, bionetwork analysis revealed that hypothalamic gene expression profiles and their relationships to hormones undergo dynamic developmental changes that differ considerably from adults. These data underscore the importance of developmental stage in considering the effects of hormones on the regulation of neuroendocrine genes in the hypothalamus. Moreover, the finding that few neuroendocrine genes are sexually dimorphic highlights the need to consider postnatal development from a network approach that allows assessment of interactions and patterns of expression.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalNeurogenesisSexual MaturationAnimalsAnimals, NewbornEstradiolEstrogen Receptor alphaFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHypothalamusHypothalamus, MiddleKisspeptinsMaleNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurokinin BNeuronsEstradiolEstrogen Receptor alphaKiss1 protein, ratKisspeptinsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurokinin BProgesteroneTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID23034157
PMCPMC4435423
OpenAlexW2140123938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.