ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2012
Psychogenic facial movement disorders: clinical features and associated conditions.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Dynamic Relationship Between Migraine and Functional Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Clinical Neurophysiological Study for the Diagnosis of Functional Cranial-Cervical Dystonia.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Orthodontic considerations for managing patients with functional movement disorders: a narrative review and clinical guide.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Review
- Peripherally induced movement disorders in the stomatognathic system after oral surgical or dental procedures.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Article
- Describing Clinical Features of Movement Disorders for Effective Research Reporting.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- How to face the hemifacial spasm: challenges and misconceptions.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Review
- Video case: A new phenotype within the spectrum of functional orofacial movement disorders.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Stiff Tongue.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Dysfunctional Networks in Functional Dystonia.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Movement disorders of the mouth: a review of the common phenomenologies.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Triggers in functional motor disorder: a clinical feature distinct from precipitating factors.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Toxins · 2022Review
- Analysis of medical services provided to patients with peripheral facial palsy in Korea: a descriptive, cross-sectional study of the health insurance review and assessment service national patient sample database.BMC health services research · 2021Observational
- Are there two different forms of functional dystonia? A multimodal brain structural MRI study.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Clinical Correlates of Functional Motor Disorders: An Italian Multicenter Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2020Article
- Cranial Functional Movement Disorders: A Case Series with Literature Review.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Review
- Clinical Characteristics of Functional Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Functional Dystonia: Differentiation From Primary Dystonia and Multidisciplinary Treatments.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- A trial of a mechanical device for the treatment of blepharospasm.Eye (London, England) · 2019Article
- Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders.JAMA neurology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The facial phenotype of psychogenic movement disorders has not been fully characterized. Seven tertiary-referral movement disorders centers using a standardized data collection on a computerized database performed a retrospective chart review of psychogenic movement disorders involving the face. Patients with organic forms of facial dystonia or any medical or neurological disorder known to affect facial muscles were excluded. Sixty-one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for psychogenic facial movement disorders (91.8% females; age: 37.0 ± 11.3 years). Phasic or tonic muscular spasms resembling dystonia were documented in all patients most commonly involving the lips (60.7%), followed by eyelids (50.8%), perinasal region (16.4%), and forehead (9.8%). The most common pattern consisted of tonic, sustained, lateral, and/or downward protrusion of one side of the lower lip with ipsilateral jaw deviation (84.3%). Ipsi- or contralateral blepharospasm and excessive platysma contraction occurred in isolation or combined with fixed lip dystonia (60.7%). Spasms were reported as painful in 24.6% of cases. Symptom onset was abrupt in most cases (80.3%), with at least 1 precipitating psychological stress or trauma identified in 57.4%. Associated body regions involved included upper limbs (29.5%), neck (16.4%), lower limbs (16.4%), and trunk (4.9%). There were fluctuations in severity and spontaneous exacerbations and remissions (60%). Prevalent comorbidities included depression (38.0%) and tension headache (26.4%). Fixed jaw and/or lip deviation is a characteristic pattern of psychogenic facial movement disorders, occurring in isolation or in combination with other psychogenic movement disorders or other psychogenic features.
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