ArticlePloS one2012
Ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: results from a multi-ethnic population-based survey in Malaysia.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults in the last 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Associated with Components of Metabolic Syndrome among People in Rural China.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Impact of a Workplace Health Promotion Program on Employees' Blood Pressure in a Public University.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Palmitic acid in the sn-2 position of dietary triacylglycerols does not affect insulin secretion or glucose homeostasis in healthy men and women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and inequalities according to sex, skin color, and socioeconomic status: evidence from two birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Endometrial Hyperplasia: Current Insights into Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management.Cancers · 2025Review
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associated factors in a multiethnic upper-middle-income country in Asia: findings from a nationwide community-based study in 2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of changes in metabolic syndrome status on health-related quality of life in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.Belitung nursing journal · 2025Article
- Combined Effect of Dietary Acid Load and Cardiometabolic Syndrome on Bone Resorption Marker among Post-Menopausal Women in Malaysia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Article
- Body mass index and waist circumference trajectories across the life course and birth cohorts, 1996-2015 Malaysia: sex and ethnicity matter.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Article
- Comparison between obese and non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- Implementation of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Research and Training Activities for Developing Precision Nutrition Strategies in Malaysia.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Prevalence and predictors of metabolically healthy obesity in severely obese Asian children.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Comprehending Nutrition and Lifestyle Behaviors of People with Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus Group Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metabolic syndrome and its effect on the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis in a multi-ethnic cohort in Singapore.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- High atherogenic risk concomitant with elevated HbA1c among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Correlation between parity and metabolic syndrome in Chinese women aged 40 years and older: the Reaction study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing disproportionately among the different ethnicities in Asia compared to the rest of the world. This study aims to determine the differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome across ethnicities in Malaysia, a multi-ethnic country.
methodsIn 2004, we conducted a national cross-sectional population-based study using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design (N = 17,211). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association (IDF/NHLBI/AHA-2009) criteria. Multivariate models were used to study the independent association between ethnicity and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
resultsThe overall mean age was 36.9 years, and 50.0% participants were female. The ethnic distribution was 57.0% Malay, 28.5% Chinese, 8.9% Indian and 5.0% Indigenous Sarawakians. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 27.5%, with a prevalence of central obesity, raised triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised blood pressure and raised fasting glucose of 36.9%, 29.3%, 37.2%, 38.0% and 29.1%, respectively. Among those <40 years, the adjusted prevalence ratios for metabolic syndrome for ethnic Chinese, Indians, and Indigenous Sarawakians compared to ethnic Malay were 0.81 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.96), 1.42 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.69) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.73), respectively. Among those aged ≥40 years, the corresponding prevalence ratios were 0.86 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.92), 1.25 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.36), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.80, 1.11). The P-value for the interaction of ethnicity by age was 0.001.
conclusionsThe overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Malaysia was high, with marked differences across ethnicities. Ethnic Chinese had the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome, while ethnic Indians had the highest. Indigenous Sarawakians showed a marked increase in metabolic syndrome at young ages.
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