ArticlePloS one2012
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) school outbreaks in China in 2009.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electronic data collection, management and analysis tools used for outbreak response in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and stakeholder survey.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Review Article: The Fraction of Influenza Virus Infections That Are Asymptomatic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2015Pooled it
- Analysis of factors influencing influenza outbreaks in schools in Taicang City, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Assessing the reporting quality of influenza outbreaks in the community.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
- Predictors of influenza a molecular viral shedding in Hutterite communities.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2017Article
- An outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in a primary school in Vietnam.BMC research notes · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability.
methodsTwo school outbreaks were investigated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect information by interview. Throat samples were collected from all the subjects in this study 6 times and sero samples 3 times to confirm the infection and to determine viral shedding. Data analysis was performed using the software STATA 9.0.
findingsThe attack rate of the pH1N1 outbreak was 58.3% for the primary school, and 52.9% for the middle school. The asymptomatic infection rates of the two schools were 35.8% and 37.6% respectively. Peak virus shedding occurred on the day of ARI symptoms onset, followed by a steady decrease over subsequent days (p = 0.026). No difference was found either in viral shedding or HI titer between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic infectious groups.
conclusionsSchool children were found to be at a high risk of infection by the novel virus. This may be because of a heightened risk of transmission owing to increased mixing at boarding school, or a lack of immunity owing to socio-economic status. We conclude that asymptomatically infectious cases may play an important role in transmission of the pH1N1 virus.
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