ArticlePloS one2012
Worsening endothelial function with efavirenz compared to protease inhibitors: a 12-month prospective study.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, controlled trial of the effect of rilpivirine versus efavirenz on cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youths treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.Antiviral therapy · 2014Trial
- Association of higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol levels with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use and plasma and intracellular tenofovir pharmacokinetics: cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency?Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Trial
- Effects of switching from efavirenz to raltegravir on endothelial function, bone mineral metabolism, inflammation, and renal function: a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Pentoxifylline, inflammation, and endothelial function in HIV-infected persons: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Review
- Cocaine use modifies the association between antiretroviral therapy and endothelial dysfunction among adults with HIV infection.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Function Is Reduced During HIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Inflammatory biomarker levels over 48 weeks with dual vs triple lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy: Substudy of a randomized trial.PloS one · 2019Article
- The dawn of precision medicine in HIV: state of the art of pharmacotherapy.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2018Review
- HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and measures of endothelial function, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress.PloS one · 2017Article
- Early Antiretroviral Therapy at High CD4 Counts Does Not Improve Arterial Elasticity: A Substudy of the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Inflammation and Arterial Injury in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.JAMA cardiology · 2016Article
- Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in drug-induced toxicity.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2016Review
- Neural effects of inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and HIV: Parallel, perpendicular, or progressive?Neuroscience · 2015Review
- Brief report: Endothelial colony-forming cells and inflammatory monocytes in HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk in an aging HIV population: not just a question of biology.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2014Review
- Hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia among HIV-infected pregnant women from Latin America and Caribbean countries.The Journal of infection · 2014Observational
- Mg supplementation attenuates ritonavir-induced hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and cardiac dysfunction in rats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveChanges in endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, has not been systematically assessed beyond 6 months of initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) when drug-related effects might offset initial improvements with virologic control.
designWe assessed 6 and 12 month changes in FMD [presented as median (quartile 1, quartile 3)] and circulating HIV and cardiovascular biomarkers in 23 subjects initiating ART.
resultsThere were no significant changes in FMD at 6 or 12 months overall despite significant increases in CD4 cell count and HDL-C and reductions in HIV RNA level, MCP-1, IP-10, sVCAM-1, sTNFR2, and sCD14. However, there were significant differences (P = 0.04) in the changes in FMD between those receiving efavirenz [N = 12; -3.50% (-4.90%, 0.68%)] vs. protease inhibitors at 12 months [N = 11; 1.50% (-0.86%, 4.56%)]. The differences in changes in FMD between those receiving and not receiving emtricitabine/tenofovir/efavirenz were more pronounced and were significantly different at both 6 and 12 months (P<0.02 for both). Additional studies showed no significant differences in changes in 25-(OH)-vitamin D, PTH, FGF-23, of F2-isoprostane levels between efavirenz and PI use or between those receiving and not receiving emtricitabine/tenofovir/efavirenz.
conclusionEfavirenz use was associated with reduced FMD at 12 months compared to PI-based regimens while emtricitabine/tenofovir/efavirenz was associated with reduced FMD at both 6 and 12 months compared to those not receiving this combination. Long-term effects of antiretrovirals on endothelial function may play an important role in the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.