ArticlePloS one2012
Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by human α-defensin-5, a natural antimicrobial peptide expressed in the genital and intestinal mucosae.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Defensins: Structure, Function, and Potential as Therapeutic Antimicrobial Agents with Highlights Against SARS CoV-2.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Potential Advantages of a Well-balanced Nutrition Regimen for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type -1.Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment · 2024Article
- Understanding the Roles of Host Defense Peptides in Immune Modulation: From Antimicrobial Action to Potential as Adjuvants.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Defensins: defenders of human reproductive health.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: A promising tool to combat multidrug resistance in SARS CoV2 era.Microbiological research · 2022Review
- Peptide-Based Antiviral Drugs.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Antiviral Activities of Human Host Defense Peptides.Current medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Review
- Towards the Application of Human Defensins as Antivirals.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Review
- The Role of Defensins in HIV Pathogenesis.Mediators of inflammation · 2017Review
- The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Influenza Virus Infection and Their Potential as Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Characterization of HIV-1 entry inhibitors with broad activity against R5 and X4 viral strains.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
- Effect of bifidobacterium on defensin-5 expression in intestinal injury of preweaning rats.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
- Protein and oligonucleotide delivery systems for vaginal microbicides against viral STIs.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Review
- A comparative proteomic analysis of the soluble immune factor environment of rectal and oral mucosa.PloS one · 2014Article
- Antiviral mechanisms of human defensins.Journal of molecular biology · 2013Review
- Article
- Maslinic acid-enriched diet decreases intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice through transcriptomic and metabolomic reprogramming.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundα-defensin-5 (HD5) is a key effector of the innate immune system with broad anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. Specialized epithelial cells secrete HD5 in the genital and gastrointestinal mucosae, two anatomical sites that are critically involved in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. We previously found that human neutrophil defensins (HNP)-1 and -2 inhibit HIV-1 entry by specific bilateral interaction both with the viral envelope and with its primary cellular receptor, CD4. Despite low amino acid identity, human defensin-5 (HD5) shares with HNPs a high degree of structural homology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere, we demonstrate that HD5 inhibits HIV-1 infection of primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes at low micromolar concentration under serum-free and low-ionic-strength conditions similar to those occurring in mucosal fluids. Blockade of HIV-1 infection was observed with both primary and laboratory-adapted strains and was independent of the viral coreceptor-usage phenotype. Similar to HNPs, HD5 inhibits HIV-1 entry into the target cell by interfering with the reciprocal interaction between the external envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and CD4. At high concentrations, HD5 was also found to downmodulate expression of the CXCR4 coreceptor, but not of CCR5. Consistent with its broad spectrum of activity, antibody competition studies showed that HD5 binds to a region overlapping with the CD4- and coreceptor-binding sites of gp120, but not to the V3 loop region, which contains the major determinants of coreceptor-usage specificity. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide new insights into the first line of immune defense against HIV-1 at the mucosal level and open new perspectives for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.