ArticlePloS one2012
A nested case-control study of intrauterine exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and the risk of hypospadias.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2016Pooled it
- Genetic, Epigenetic, and Non-Genetic Factors in Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Genes · 2025Review
- The Effect of Various Environmental Pollutants on the Reproductive Health in Children: A Brief Review of the Literature.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Review
- Detection of the fungicide transformation product 4-hydroxychlorothalonil in serum of pregnant women from Sweden and Costa Rica.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Maternal serum vitamin D level in early pregnancy and risk for preeclampsia: A case-control study in Southern Sweden.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Maternal exposure to DDT, DDE, and pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control and hypospadias in the VHEMBE birth cohort study, Limpopo, South Africa.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals' Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health in Boys and Men.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure: Role in Non-Communicable Diseases.Frontiers in public health · 2020Review
- Employing Dietary Comparators to Perform Risk Assessments for Anti-Androgens Without Using Animal Data.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Pharmacologic and Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in the Pathogenesis of Hypospadias: a Review.Current environmental health reports · 2018Review
- In Vitro Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor p,p'-DDT on Human Follitropin Receptor.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Background fish feminization effects in European remote sites.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- In utero exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and reproductive health in the human male.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2014Article
- Do endocrine disruptors cause hypospadias?Translational andrology and urology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals have been suggested as a risk factor for male genital abnormalities such as hypospadias. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between fetal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POP) and the risk for hypospadias. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe Southern Sweden Maternity Cohort (SSMC) contains serum samples collected in early pregnancy among women in Southern Sweden. Linkages with the Medical Birth Register, the Malformation Register and the In-patient Register resulted in 390 SSMC mothers who had given birth to a boy with hypospadias in year 1986-2002 (mean 1995). For 237 of these (cases) sufficient amounts of serum for the chemical analyses were available. For each case, a control boy from the SSMC was randomly selected, matched for maternal age, birth year, parity and maternal smoking. PCB-153, p,p'-DDE and hexachlorbenzene (HCB) were used as biomarkers for POP exposure. The exposures were categorized into quartiles based on the distributions among the controls. There were no statistically significant trends between the a priori categorisation of the exposure variables and the risk for hypospadias. However, when the upper HCB quartile (>26 ng/ml) was compared to the other quartiles an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.69) was obtained. p,p'-DDE levels above median (>1.0 ng/ml) compared to levels below 0.1 ng/ml gave an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.93).
conclusionsThe present study suggests that fetal exposure to HCB and p,p'-DDE may be a risk factor for hypospadias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.