ArticlePloS one2012
Effect of solar particle event radiation and hindlimb suspension on gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune activation.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune Cell Dysregulation in Hindlimb Unloading Mouse Model: Implications for Space Applications.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2026Article
- Simulated spaceflight disrupts the immune-gut-brain axis and drives sex-dependent neuroinflammation, axonal injury, and behavioral deficits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Feeding the cosmos: tackling personalized space nutrition and the leaky gut challenge.NPJ microgravity · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Innovations in Space: Challenges and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Review
- Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Autophagy, Fission, and Fusion Maintain Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Mouse Liver Under Tail Suspension Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on the Crosstalk between Intestinal Stem Cells and Microbiota in a Simulated Weightlessness Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Simulated Microgravity Alters Gene Regulation Linked to Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease.Genes · 2024Article
- Synergistic interplay between radiation and microgravity in spaceflight-related immunological health risks.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- The Impact of Microgravity on Immunological States.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Review
- Sleep and Core Body Temperature Alterations Induced by Space Radiation in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Modeled microgravity alters apoptotic gene expression and caspase activity in the squid-vibrio symbiosis.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Dose and time dependence of functional impairments in rat jejunum following ionizing radiation exposure.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Modeled microgravity alters lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane vesicle production of the beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri.NPJ microgravity · 2021Article
- The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes.Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis · 2021Article
- How does spaceflight affect the acquired immune system?NPJ microgravity · 2020Review
- Synergistic Effects of Weightlessness, Isoproterenol, and Radiation on DNA Damage Response and Cytokine Production in Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Estrogen inhibits the overgrowth of Escherichia coli in the rat intestine under simulated microgravity.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Limitations in predicting the space radiation health risk for exploration astronauts.NPJ microgravity · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The environmental conditions that could lead to an increased risk for the development of an infection during prolonged space flight include: microgravity, stress, radiation, disturbance of circadian rhythms, and altered nutritional intake. A large body of literature exists on the impairment of the immune system by space flight. With the advent of missions outside the Earth's magnetic field, the increased risk of adverse effects due to exposure to radiation from a solar particle event (SPE) needs to be considered. Using models of reduced gravity and SPE radiation, we identify that either 2 Gy of radiation or hindlimb suspension alone leads to activation of the innate immune system and the two together are synergistic. The mechanism for the transient systemic immune activation is a reduced ability of the GI tract to contain bacterial products. The identification of mechanisms responsible for immune dysfunction during extended space missions will allow the development of specific countermeasures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.