ArticlePLoS computational biology2012
Analysis of surface protein expression reveals the growth pattern of the gram-negative outer membrane.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- LPS in gram-negative bacterial growth and physiology: outside but fully integrated.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026Review
- Independent tuning of outer membrane fluidity and mechanics in Gram-negative bacteria.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide insertion and vesicle mediated turnover drive growth independent outer membrane adaptation in Escherichia coli.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacteriocin biophysics: From protein-protein interaction models to navigators of the bacterial cell envelope.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Immobile lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins differentially segregate in growingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- β-Barrel proteins dictate the effect of core oligosaccharide composition on outer membrane mechanics.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Estimating the relative rates of lipopolysaccharide synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 by click chemistry-mediated labeling.PloS one · 2025Article
- β-barrel proteins dictate the effect of core oligosaccharide composition on outer membrane mechanics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The TAM, a Translocation and Assembly Module for protein assembly and potential conduit for phospholipid transfer.EMBO reports · 2024Review
- ATP-independent assembly machinery of bacterial outer membranes: BAM complex structure and function set the stage for next-generation therapeutics.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Review
- Surveying membrane landscapes: a new look at the bacterial cell surface.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Lipids mediate supramolecular outer membrane protein assembly in bacteria.Science advances · 2022Article
- Bacterial envelope built to a peptidoglycan tune.Nature · 2022Article
- Article
- Physical properties of the bacterial outer membrane.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- The sacrificial adaptor protein Skp functions to remove stalled substrates from the β-barrel assembly machine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is a complex bilayer composed of proteins, phospholipids, lipoproteins, and lipopolysaccharides. Despite recent advances revealing the molecular pathways underlying protein and lipopolysaccharide incorporation into the OM, the spatial distribution and dynamic regulation of these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we used sequence-specific fluorescent labeling to map the incorporation patterns of an OM-porin protein, LamB, by labeling proteins only after epitope exposure on the cell surface. Newly synthesized LamB appeared in discrete puncta, rather than evenly distributed over the cell surface. Further growth of bacteria after labeling resulted in divergence of labeled LamB puncta, consistent with a spatial pattern of OM growth in which new, unlabeled material was also inserted in patches. At the poles, puncta remained relatively stationary through several rounds of division, a salient characteristic of the OM protein population as a whole. We propose a biophysical model of growth in which patches of new OM material are added in discrete bursts that evolve in time according to Stokes flow and are randomly distributed over the cell surface. Simulations based on this model demonstrate that our experimental observations are consistent with a bursty insertion pattern without spatial bias across the cylindrical cell surface, with approximately one burst of ≈ 10(-2) µm(2) of OM material per two minutes per µm(2). Growth by insertion of discrete patches suggests that stochasticity plays a major role in patterning and material organization in the OM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.