ArticlePloS one2012
Interferon-γ restricts Toxoplasma gondii development in murine skeletal muscle cells via nitric oxide production and immunity-related GTPases.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory effect of propolisOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of oral alginate nanoparticles against experimental toxoplasmosis.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- iNOS is necessary for GBP-mediated T. gondii clearance in murine macrophages via vacuole nitration and intravacuolar network collapse.Nature communications · 2024Article
- IFNs in host defence and parasite immune evasion duringFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Virulence-related gene wx2 of Toxoplasma gondii regulated host immune response via classic pyroptosis pathway.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- IFN-induced cell-autonomous immune mechanisms in the control of intracellular protozoa.Parasitology research · 2022Review
- The determinants regulatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Toxoplasma gondii secreted effectors co-opt host repressor complexes to inhibit necroptosis.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- The Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 Are Crucial Along the Induction of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Redox Homeostasis of Skeletal Muscle Cells Regulates Stage Differentiation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- A NovelFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle.Trends in parasitology · 2017Review
- Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against Toxoplasma gondii.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Regulatory T Cells Promote Myositis and Muscle Damage in Toxoplasma gondii Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Article
- Recent advances in understanding apicomplexan parasites.F1000Research · 2016Review
- Protective immunity against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice induced by a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii elongation factor 1-alpha.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Transcriptional and Linkage Analyses Identify Loci that Mediate the Differential Macrophage Response to Inflammatory Stimuli and Infection.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Plasmodium cellular effector mechanisms and the hepatic microenvironment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii Deoxyribose Phosphate Aldolase (TgDPA) induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is regularly transmitted to humans via the ingestion of contaminated meat products from chronically infected livestock. This route of transmission requires intracellular development and long-term survival of the parasite within muscle tissue. In this study, we determined the cell-autonomous immunity of mature primary embryonic or C2C12 skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) to infection with T. gondii. Non-activated SkMCs and control fibroblasts sustained parasite replication; however, interferon (IFN)-γ significantly inhibited parasite growth in SkMCs but not in fibroblasts. Intracellular parasite replication was diminished by IFN-γ whereas host cell invasion was not affected. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) did not further increase the IFN-γ-triggered host defense of SkMCs against Toxoplasma. Remarkably, IFN-γ alone or in combination with TNF decreased the high level of T. gondii bradyzoite formation being observed in non-activated SkMCs. Stimulation of SkMCs with IFN-γ strongly triggered expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcripts, and induced significantly higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) in SkMCs than in fibroblasts. Consequently, pharmacological inhibition of iNOS partially abrogated the IFN-γ-induced toxoplasmacidal activity of SkMCs. In addition, SkMCs strongly up-regulated immunity-regulated GTPases (IRGs) following stimulation with IFN-γ. IRGs accumulated on Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles in SkMCs in a parasite strain-dependent manner. Subsequent vacuole disruption and signs of degenerating parasites were regularly recognized in IFN-γ-treated SkMCs infected with type II parasites. Together, murine SkMCs exert potent toxoplasmacidal activity after stimulation with IFN-γ and have to be considered active participants in the local immune response against Toxoplasma in skeletal muscle.
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