ArticleSleep2012
GABA-to-ACh ratio in basal forebrain and cerebral cortex varies significantly during sleep.
Article in Sleep, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Enriched experience increases reciprocal synaptic connectivity and coding sparsity in higher-order cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Closed-Loop Connectivity Best Supports Angular Tuning and Sleep Dynamics in a Biophysical Thalamocortical Circuit Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effects of ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials in rat neocortical pyramidal cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multi-region processing during sleep for memory and cognition.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025Review
- Whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to lateral periaqueductal gray glutamatergic neurons in mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Role of Sleep in Formation of Relational Associative Memory.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sleep and brain evolution across the human lifespan: A mutual embrace.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Review
- Abnormal sleep physiology in children with 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome.Molecular autism · 2021Article
- Sleeping through brain excitation and inhibition.Nature neuroscience · 2020Article
- Article
- Novel microwire-based biosensor probe for simultaneous real-time measurement of glutamate and GABA dynamics in vitro and in vivo.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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- Sleep and Microdialysis: An Experiment and a Systematic Review of Histamine and Several Amino Acids.Journal of circadian rhythms · 2019Article
- Escape From Oblivion: Neural Mechanisms of Emergence From General Anesthesia.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2019Review
- Sleep and Neurochemical Modulation by DZNep and GSK-J1: Potential Link With Histone Methylation Status.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Neurotransmitter Alterations in Four Distinct Brain Regions After Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation (REMSD) Induced Mania-Like Behaviour in Swiss Albino Mice.Neurochemical research · 2018Article
- Article
- Reduced GABAergic neuronal activity in zona incerta causes neuropathic pain in a rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model.Journal of pain research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesGABAergic and cholinergic transmission within the basal forebrain and cerebral cortex contribute to the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. In contrast to levels of acetylcholine (ACh), levels of endogenous GABA in basal forebrain and cortex during sleep and wakefulness have not previously been quantified. This study (1) tested the hypothesis that there are differential, state-specific changes in GABA levels within the substantia innominata (SI) region of the basal forebrain and somatosensory cortex; and (2) quantified the ratio of GABAergic to cholinergic transmission in the SI, cortex, and pontine reticular formation during rapid eye movement sleep (REM), non-REM sleep (NREM), and wakefulness.
designWithin/between subjects.
settingUniversity of Michigan. PATIENTS OR
participantsAdult, male, purpose bred cats (n = 5).
interventionsIn vivo microdialysis, high performance liquid chromatography, electrophysiological recordings. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsIn the SI, GABA levels were significantly greater during NREM (17%) than during REM. In the cortex, GABA levels were significantly greater during NREM than during wakefulness (39%) and REM (63%). During prolonged wakefulness, there was a linear increase in cortical GABA levels, and the amount of time spent awake accounted for 87% of the variance in GABA. The GABA-to-ACh ratio was largest during NREM for all brain regions. REM was characterized by a 68% decrease in the GABA-to-ACh ratio across brain regions, always due to a decrease in GABA levels.
conclusionThree of the brain regions that comprise the anatomically distributed, sleep-generating network have in common a GABA-mediated, sleep-dependent decrease in the GABA-to-ACh ratio.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.