ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Incidence of and risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous efficacy and glucocorticoid-sparing effects of anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Saudi National Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current rheumatology reviews · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Long-term survival and death causes of systemic lupus erythematosus in China: a systemic review of observational studies.Medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Correction of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and improvement in disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with krill oil concentrate: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Cumulative Corticosteroid Dose Over Fifty-Two Weeks in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pooled Analyses From the Phase III Belimumab Trials.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2016Trial
- Sex Differences in Atherosclerosis and its Clinical Complications.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance as an initial screening tool in individuals with SLE and chest pain.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Association Between Traditional Chinese Medicine Use and Sepsis Risk and Glucocorticoid Exposure in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in Sweden.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Combining Laboratory and Imaging Evaluation for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association of the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes across SLE subgroups: significance of cardiovascular events.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Subclinical Atherosclerosis Risk Can Be Predicted in Female Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Metabolomic Signatures: An Observational Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Cardiovascular Risk: Current Insights and Future Strategies for Optimal Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effectiveness and safety of telitacicept in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center, retrospective, real-world study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Macrophages Unmasked: Their Pivotal Role in Driving Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at excess risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs). There is uncertainty regarding the relative importance of SLE disease activity, medications, or traditional risk factors in this increased risk. To gain insight into this, the authors analyzed data from a cohort of 1,874 patients with SLE who were seen quarterly at a single clinical center (April 1987-June 2010) using pooled logistic regression analysis. In 9,485 person-years of follow-up, the authors observed 134 CVEs (rate = 14.1/1,000 person-years). This was 2.66 times what would be expected in the general population based on Framingham risk scores (95% confidence interval: 2.16, 3.16). After adjustment for age, CVE rates were not associated with duration of SLE. However, they were associated with average past levels of SLE disease activity and recent levels of circulating anti-double-stranded DNA. Past use of corticosteroids (in the absence of current use) was not associated with CVE rates. However, persons currently using 20 mg/day or more of corticosteroids had a substantial increase in risk even after adjustment for disease activity. Thus, consistent with findings in several recent publications among cohorts with other diseases, current use of corticosteroids was associated with an increased risk of CVEs. These results suggest a short-term impact of corticosteroids on CVE risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.