Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23024014›Full record

Trial reportInternational journal of cancer2013

Alcohol consumption and PSA-detected prostate cancer risk--a case-control nested in the ProtecT study.

Luisa Zuccolo, Sarah J Lewis, Jenny L Donovan, Freddie C Hamdy, David E Neal, George Davey Smith

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in International journal of cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Association of GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer: an updating meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2013
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Sex-Specific Multimorbidity-Multibehaviour Patterns in Primary Care Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Observational
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Quality of life, cognitive, physical and emotional function at diagnosis predicts head and neck cancer survival: analysis of cases from the Head and Neck 5000 study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2020
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. A correlation study ofInfectious agents and cancer · 2019
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Luisa ZuccoloMRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. l.zuccolo@bristol.ac.uk
Sarah J Lewis
Jenny L Donovan
Freddie C Hamdy
David E Neal
George Davey Smith
University of Bristol · GBNuffield Orthopaedic Centre · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0501864Medical Research Council G0501864/76656Medical Research Council G0900871Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alcohol is an established carcinogen but not an established risk factor for prostate cancer, despite some recent prospective studies suggesting increased risk among heavy drinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alcohol on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate cancer risk. Two thousand four hundred PSA detected prostate cancer cases and 12,700 controls matched on age and general practice were identified through a case-control study nested in the PSA-testing phase of a large UK-based randomized controlled trial for prostate cancer treatment (ProtecT). Linear and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate ratios of geometric means (RGMs) of PSA and relative risk ratios (RRRs) of prostate cancer by stage and grade, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), associated with weekly alcohol intake and drinking patterns. We found evidence of lower PSA (RGM 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and decreased risk of low Gleason-grade (RRR 0.96; 95%CI 0.93-0.99) but increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (RRR 1.04; 95%CI 0.99-1.08; p(difference) =0.004) per 10 units/week increase in alcohol consumption, not explained by current BMI, blood pressure, comorbidities, or reverse causation. This is the first large population-based study to find evidence of lower PSA levels for increasing alcohol consumption, with potential public health implications for the detection of prostate cancer. Our results also support a modestly higher risk of high-grade disease for heavy drinkers, but require independent replication to establish the nature of the association of alcohol with low-grade disease, preferably in cohorts with a heterogeneous case-mix.

Indexed as

AgedAlcohol DrinkingCase-Control StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProstate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsRisk FactorsProstate-Specific Antigen

Identifiers

PMID23024014
PMCPMC3786564
OpenAlexW2040481121

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.