Trial reportSchizophrenia research2012
Insular and anterior cingulate circuits in smokers with schizophrenia.
Trial report in Schizophrenia research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association Between Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Dysfunction of Large-Scale Brain Networks in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Resting-State Functional Connectivity.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- Nicotine-induced activation of caudate and anterior cingulate cortex in response to errors in schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Salience network coupling is linked to both tobacco smoking and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Functional network connectivity predicts treatment outcome during treatment of nicotine use disorder.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2017Trial
- Network localization of gray matter alterations in chronic smokers using the normative functional connectome.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Factors influencing JUUL e-cigarette nicotine vapour-induced reward, withdrawal, pharmacokinetics and brain connectivity in rats: sex matters.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Nicotine dependence and insula subregions: functional connectivity and cue-induced activation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Deep rTMS of the insula and prefrontal cortex in smokers with schizophrenia: Proof-of-concept study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Evidence for Schizophrenia-Specific Pathophysiology of Nicotine Dependence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in smokers.NeuroImage · 2019Article
- The insula in nicotine use disorder: Functional neuroimaging and implications for neuromodulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Review
- Effects of acupuncture on craving after tobacco cessation: a resting-state fMRI study based on the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2019Article
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2019Review
- Parenting and Salience Network Connectivity Among African Americans: A Protective Pathway for Health-Risk Behaviors.Biological psychiatry · 2018Article
- Neural Responses to Smoking Cues in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Article
- The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis.Schizophrenia research · 2018Review
- Functional Neurocircuits and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Tobacco Use Disorder.Trends in molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Unique Effects of Clozapine: A Pharmacological Perspective.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2018Review
- Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with high rates of smoking. We previously found that resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and striatum is independently associated with nicotine addiction and psychiatric illness. Since the insula is implicated in nicotine dependence, we hypothesized that SZ smokers will have greater dysfunction in smoking-related insular and dACC circuits than normal control smokers (NC) independent of smoking severity, consistent with an inherent disease-related weakening of smoking-related circuits. Nicotine challenge was used to demonstrate that decreased rsFC in identified circuits reflects addiction trait and is not affected by pharmacological state. Twenty-four NC smokers and 20 smokers with SZ matched on nicotine addiction severity participated in a resting state fMRI study and were scanned during two separate sessions while receiving a placebo or nicotine patch, in a randomized, cross-over design. Using individualized, anatomically defined anterior and posterior insula and dACC as regions of interest (ROI), whole brain rsFC was performed using each ROI as a seed. Significant negative correlations between smoking severity and rsFC between insula, dACC and striatum were found for both groups. Furthermore, smokers with SZ demonstrated additive reductions in circuit strength between the dACC and insula compared to NC smokers independent of smoking severity. Nicotine challenge did not significantly alter rsFC in insula-dACC-striatal circuits. Reduced rsFC strength between the insula, dACC and striatum is associated with nicotine addiction severity in both non-psychiatrically ill and in SZ smokers. Decreased insula-dACC rsFC may index overlapping circuitry associated with smoking and SZ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.