ArticleScientific reports2012
The hematopoietic cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is important for cognitive functions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent immune activation shapes disease progression in a model of Parkinson's disease.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Group 2 innate lymphoid cells drive inhibitory synapse formation with lasting effects on learning and memory.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Controversies and insights into cytokine regulation of neurogenesis and behavior in adult rodents.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- G-CSF improved the memory and dendritic morphology impairments in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after brain ischemia in the male rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Article
- Differential regulation of microglial states by colony stimulating factors.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- The innate immune system stimulating cytokine GM-CSF improves learning/memory and interneuron and astrocyte brain pathology in Dp16 Down syndrome mice and improves learning/memory in wild-type mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2022Article
- Disrupted Mitochondrial Network Drives Deficits of Learning and Memory in a Mouse Model ofGenes · 2022Article
- Relationship between cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in trajectories of cancer-related cognitive impairment.Cytokine · 2021Article
- Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Safety and efficacy of sargramostim (GM-CSF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Article
- Behavioral tests assessing neuropsychiatric phenotypes in adolescent mice reveal strain- and sex-specific effects.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- IL-1β Induced Cytokine Expression by Spinal Astrocytes Can Play a Role in the Maintenance of Chronic Inflammatory Pain.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- The genetics of circulating BDNF: towards understanding the role of BDNF in brain structure and function in middle and old ages.Brain communications · 2020Article
- The antidepressant effects of GM-CSF are mediated by the reduction of TLR4/NF-ĸB-induced IDO expression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2018Article
- Circulating Progenitor Cells Correlate with Memory, Posterior Cortical Thickness, and Hippocampal Perfusion.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Article
- Deletion of Specific Sphingolipids in Distinct Neurons Improves Spatial Memory in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We recently reported expression of hematopoietic growth factor GM-CSF and its receptor (GM-CSFR) in CNS neurons. Here we evaluated this system in learning and memory formation using GM-CSF deficient mice. In complementation, GM-CSF signalling was manipulated specifically in adult murine hippocampus by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated GM-CSFR alpha overexpression or knock-down. GM-CSF ablation caused various hippocampus and amygdala-dependent deficits in spatial and fear memory while rendering intact basic parameters like motor function, inherent anxiety, and pain threshold levels. Corroborating these data, spatial memory of AAV-injected mice was positively correlated with GM-CSFRα expression levels. Hippocampal neurons of knock-out mice showed markedly pruned dendritic trees, reduced spine densities, and lower percentages of mature spines. Despite such morphological alterations, long-term potentiation (LTP) was unimpaired in the knock-out hippocampus. Collectively, these results suggest that GM-CSF signalling plays a major role in structural plasticity relevant to learning and memory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.